Analisis Parameter Genetik dan Deteksi Segregan Transgresif pada Dua Populasi F2 Persilangan Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Abstract

This study was aimed to estimate genetic parameters in two groundnut segregating populations and to detect trasgressive segregate candidates of the best cross. The segregating populations were developed from cross between GWS 18 A1 with GWS 79 A1 and GWS 18 A1 with Zebra. The field experiment was conducted from December 2013 - March 2014 at the Cikarawang experimental-field, Bogor, West Java (± 250 meters above sea level). The genetic parameters estimated were variance components and broad sense heritability. Besides, the gene action were estimated using skewness and kurtosis analysis of F2 distribution. The results showed that there were different of genetic variability and heritability among the segregating populations. Based on the total-pods, GWS 18 A1 x GWS 79 A1 was a potential segregating population to obtain high yielding cultivars. Estimation of gene action for plant height, total number of pods, and seed weight per plant in segregating population showed different results among the two populations. There were characters controlled by many genes or few genes with additive gene action, dominance, and epistasis effects (duplicates or complementary). In population of GWS 18 A1 x GWS 79 A1 cross, from all F2 plants harvested, there were seven plants expected to be trangressive segregates which had total pod number more than the range of the best parent.