Penyediaan pakan berkelanjutan melalui inokulasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula dan aplikasi fosfat alam pada arachis pintoi cv Amarillo dalam tumpang sari dengan jagung (Zea mays L) atau Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L, Moench)

Abstract

Forage is the main feed of ruminant animal in the tropics. Generally, the development of forage only utilize marginal lands which are characterized by scarcity of food nutrients P and acid pH. Therefore, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is very possible to be applied. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous rizosfir AMF diversity of A. pintoi cv Amarillo under coconut stands, get the indigenous rizosfir isolates, identify the type of polyphenol secondary metabolites in A. pintoi, determine whether both leaves and root secondary metabolites of A. pintoi acts as either antioxidant or cytotoxic, and get an ideal intercropping of AMF inoculated A. pintoi and natural phosphate application on corn and sorghum as an effort to provide sustainable feed. The research was conducted in several stages, consists of 1) spores exploration of A. pintoi AMF rizosfir under coconuts in Coconut Research Center and Other Palma (Pacioni method 1992), followed by centrifugation technique method (Brundrett et al. 1996); 2) Analysis of phytochemical and flavonoid content of A. pintoi extract (Harborne 2006); 3) Analysis of antioxidants with 1.1 diphenyl-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) test based on Hanani et al. (2005); 4) Analysis cytotoxicity based on brine shrimp lethality test method (BSLT) using shrimp larvae of Artemia salina Leach as the test animals (McLaughlin et al. 1998); 5) test animals the AMF isolates were inoculated into the A. pintoi and the addition of NP fertilizer on maize and sorghum intercropping. The results obtained from the isolation and identification of the A. pintoi AMF rizosfir spores under coconut stands, consists of Acaulospora-sp, Glomus-sp Gigaspora-sp and Sclorystis-sp. Analysis of antioxidant with the 1.1 diphenyl-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) test, found the secondary metabolites of the phenolic groups were flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The quinone was not found in extracts of A. pintoi. The antioxidant obtained were higher in the leaves than the roots respectively: IC50 135.86 μg/ml, 124.24 μg/ml. In cytotoxicity test, the LC50 values obtained at the root and the leaves successively 300.32 μg /ml, 413.99 μg/ml. The AMF inoculation on A. pintoi and application of natural phosphate on maize and sorghum intercropping provide results of maize and sorghum yields (plant height, number and width of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight) were higher than without A. pintoi. AMF inoculation and the presence of natural phosphate application generates a higher growth and production of maize and sorghum. The interaction among intercropping and phosphate, intercropping and inoculation, phosphate and inoculation, and of intercropping, phosphate and inoculation would enhance the growth and production of maize and sorghum for the provision of sustainable forage.