| dc.description.abstract | Global energy crisis that occurred in the last decade gave the impact that was significant to increasing the fuel prices. Therefore, was required alternative energy development by using of renewable energy resources. One of the forest plants that have potential as raw materials for biofuels (BBN) is calophyllum. Calophyllum is potential to develop as non-food crops and land for growth does not compete with food crops. The use of the oil as a biofuel to form biodiesel, but the use of biodiesel from calophyllum still can not be applied operationally because the price is still higher than the price of diesel fuel. Therefore, the use of pure oil directly as biofuel becomes a more potent alternative to operationally. Technically crude calophyllum can be used as a biofuel substitute for diesel fuel, but the viscosity and free fatty acid levels still high and the presence of impurities compound remains a problem. This is necessary to study the purification and characterization of oils for this meet the required criteria and standards applicable. Oil refinery experienced two stages, namely the process of degumming and neutralization. Degumming is the sap or slime separation process that consists of phospolipid, proteins, carbohydrates, and water, while the neutralization was used to separate free fatty acids. Treatment of primary research consisted of two factors, namely phosphoric acid dose consisting of two levels: 0.2% and 0.3% (v/w) and concentration of NaOH solution which consists of three levels: 14°Be, 16°Be, and 18°Be.. The addition of caustic soda solution concentration had a significant impact on yield, acid number and content of free fatty acids, saponification numbers, peroxide number, ash content, and viscosity. While dosage phosphoric acid tends to decrease the value of ash content and viscosity, but did not affect any other parameters (yield, acid number and levels of free fatty acids, saponification numbers, and peroxide numbers). | en |
