Size and Body Shape of Manado, Minahasa, South Minahasa and Tomohon Delman Horses in North Sulawesi

Abstract

Horses is used for transportation, towing loads (horse pull), war, and the load carrier, even in some areas is used as source of meat. The aim of this study is to compared the morphmometric characteristic of horses body based on size and body shape of delman horses Manado, Minahasa, South Minahasa and Tomohon in North Sulawesi based on the linear model. The horses were differentiated based on location. Measured variables used in this study were chest circumference, width of chest, the chest, shoulder height, hip height, body length, thigh length, neck length, width head as well as the length of the head. The data were analyzed by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The first analyzed was the descriptive analyses and then followed by the T2 Hotteling analysis in order to get the means differences between two populations. The last analysis was distance data group. The results of T2-Hotelling test showed that the body shape between male and female horse wagon was different in each location (P<0,05). T2-Hotelling test also showed that horse wagon in each location was different (P<0,05). The parameter that determine the size and shape characteristics of Manado horse wagon was determined by chest circumference (X1) and neck length (X9). The size and shape characteristics of Minahasa horse wagon was determined by chest circumference (X1) for size and shape characteristics. The size characteristics of Minahasa Selatan horse wagon was determined by chest circumference (X1) and hip height (X5). The shape characteristics of Minahasa Selatan horse wagon was determined by neck length (X9). The size characteristics of Tomohon horses wagon was determined by chest circumference (X1) and shoulder height. The shape characteristics of Tomohon horse wagon was determined by body length (X7). Based on distance of data group diagram Manado male and female horse wagon had smaller size score than those of Minahasa, Minahasa Selatan and Tomohon horses.

Indonesia mempunyai beberapa jenis kuda lokal yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan memberikan manfaat. Karakteristik morfometrik yang berkaitan erat dengan ukuran tubuh, merupakan hal yang belum banyak diamati, terutama pengamatan ukuran dan bentuk tubuh. Bentuk sangat dipengaruhi faktor genetik, sedangkan ukuran lebih dipengaruhi faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan karakteristik morfometrik tubuh berdasarkan ukuran dan bentuk tubuh kuda delman lokal di lokasi penelitian yaitu Manado, Minahasa, Minahasa Selatan dan Tomohon berdasarkan pengukuran bagian linear permukaan tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder (ukuran dan foto kuda). Jumlah kuda delman yang digunakan adalah 504 kuda delman. Pengolahan data ukuran-ukuran tubuh kuda delman menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk melihat rataan, simpangan baku dan koefisien keragaman kuda delman. Uji T2-Hotelling digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan variabel-variabel yang terdapat pada dua populasi kuda yang berbeda. Analisis komponen utama digunakan untuk menentukan penciri ukuran dan penciri bentuk kuda delman setiap lokasi pengamatan dan pembentukan diagram kerumunan.