Seleksi In Vitro Klon-Klon Kentang Basil Persilangan Cv. Atlantik dan Granola untuk Mendapatkan Calon Kultivar Kentang Unggul

Abstract

Development of potato in Indonesia facing many problems, such as supply sufficient of high quality seed, climatic condition, pests, and diseases. Several bacterial pathogens can cause diseases of potato. Ralstonia solanacearum and Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora are two of the world's most important diseases of potato, especially in the tropics. One of the ways to solve the problems is breeding new potato cultivars having superior traits such as high yield, low water content, good tuber shape, tolerance to bacterial diseases. Theoritically, these traits are found in potato cv. Atlantic and cv. Granola, the most adopted cultivars in Indonesia. Both cv. Atlantic and cv. Granola are tetraploid (2n=4X=48). Due to large variations for a lot of characteristics of crosses between the tetraploid parentals, in vitro selection, techniques are performed to speed up the selection process. The experiments were aimed to obtain putative potato cultivars from crossing between cv. Atlantic (2n=4x=48) and cv. Granola (2n=4X=48). The conventional crossing technique was performed to generate botanical seeds (berries) from those cultivars. After that, in vitro selection technique was performed. Firstly, 24 clones from a single seed clonal progeny including cv. Atlantic and cv. Granola were evaluated for their vigors, then 12 selected clones from the vigor test were evaluated for their in vitro tuber production and tolerances to two bacterial diseases, namely bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora. All of the experiments were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with a single factor. Results of the experiments showed that there are high diversities of phenotypes of the progenies. Some of the progenies showed better vigor, microtuber initiation, production of micro tuber, and resistant to both R. solanacearum and E. carotovora pv. carotovora than cv. Atlantic and cv. Granola. The lack of significant correlation