Pembentukan Embrio Somatik Sekunder pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Average productivity of Indonesian crude palm oil (CPO) approximately 3 tonnes/ha/year, while theriotically to the production can reach to 18.2 tonnes/ha/year. An attempt to achieve maximum production is the availability of superior planting materials, which can be obtain through micropropagation of superior palm oil progenies using tissue culture technique. The aim of this study is to find an effective method and medium for the formation of secondary somatic embrios (SE) of palm oil. Primary somatic embrios used for planting material are cultured on MS basal medium supplemented vitamin MW and casein hydrolisate (MSVMW) with amino acids and vitamin treatments.Embryogenic calli and secondary SE was induce directly from the explant 4-8 week after culture on treatment medium. Somatic embryo were formed from globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary stages. The best medium for formation of secondary SE is MSVMW medium supplemented biotin and glutamin 0.07 mg/l. The medium that produced the higest percentage of callus formation is MSVMW supplemented arginine and glutamin 0.07 mg/l.