Evaluasi Keragaman Fenotipik Pisang cv. Ampyang Hasil Iradiasi Gamma Di Rumah Kaca

Abstract

Banana and plantain are important for food security. Increasing of genetic variability have a very limited success because most of edible bananas are triploid, steril and parthenocarpy so that conventional breeding method are difficult. The objective of this research were to evaluation phenotypic variation of banana cv. Ampyang (Musa acuminata, AAA, subgroup non-Cavendish) regenerated from in vitro induced mutation by gamma irradiation in a greenhouse. These research showed that plant regenerated from higher irradiated explant significantly showed less plant height, lenght of leaves and and ratio of lenght and height of leaves. Phenotypically irradiated plants produced less plant height and more width of leaves. Variant plant regenerated from non irradiated explants (0 Gy) produced stomata density as much as irradiated plant regenerated from 45 and 50 Gy, while variant plants regenerated from irradiated explant 20, 25, 30 and 40 Gy have less stomata density. Banana variant of cv. Ampyang regenerated from irradiated 30, 40, 45 and 50 Gy showed more qualitative variation than the control one. The results have demonstrated that mutation breeding with in vitro technique could produce morphological changes as well as an increase of variability in quantitative traits, and a number of this parameters were supposed to be applicable to characterizes variation to other banana cultivar.