Analisis Kemiripan Kultivatar Pisang Indonesia Berdasarkan Pada Penanda Fenotipik (Similarity analysis of Indonesian Banana cultivars based on phenotypic marker)

Abstract

The similarity of 32 banana cultivars had been evaluated based on phenotypic markers. The objectives of this research was to evaluate the similarity between 32 banana cultivars and to identify the specific phenotypic marker linked to banana genome. The research was conducted at the field station BIOTROP of Bogor Aglicultural University, Tajur and Center for Tropical Fruit Studies Laboratory Baranangsiang, Bogor on February 2003 until December 2003. The result showed that 32 cultivars be long to three groups. The similarity of group I, II, and III was 63, 66, and 63% respectively. The phenotypic similarity between Ambon and Madura cultivar was the lowest (41%), and the phenotypic similarity between Emas (Purbalingga) and Jepang cultivar was the highest (88%). The group 1 consist of banana cultivars which has AA and AAA genome, the group II was cultivars with ABB genome, and genome AAB belong to group III. The type of petiole, the form of flower, the length of flower and the amount of daughter could be used as specific phenotypic markers for AAB banana genome. Those markers ca be used to distinguish ABB banana genome from AA, AAA, and AAB banana genomes.