Efektifitas Arang Tempurung Kelapa dan Bokashi Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Leda (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume) di Media Tailing

Abstract

The disclosure a potential life of Eucalyptus deglupta at tailings has not been much done, where tailings are result of processing mine waste that could potentially reduce of soil fertility rates so that the plant is difficult to grow, while Eucalyptus deglupta is a fast growing species which have properties inversely proportional to tailings, such as soil fertility. The addition of coconut shell charcoal and bokashi manure expected to increase the the quality of tailings as a growing medium in order to increase growth of Eucalyptus deglupta. Research was conducted to analyzing effect of giving coconut shell charcoal and bokashi manure on the growth of Leda (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume) seedling, and obtain a information about their effectiveness as a soil fertility builders on gold mine tailings medium. Research conducted in the Silviculture greenhouse and forest of influence laboratory Faculty of Forestry IPB, with the location of tailings sampling conducted at PT. Antam UPBE Pongkor and nutrient analysis conducted in Department of Soil Science and Land Resources laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, IPB. This research uses an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern, the first factor of coconut shell charcoal, that is: Not given charcoal (A0), 2,5% charcoal (A1), 5% charcoal (A2), 7,5% charcoal (A3), and 10% charcoal (A4); the second factor of bokashi manure, that is: Not rated bokashi (B0), 20 g bokashi (B1), 40 g bokashi (B2), and 60 g bokashi (B3). Each treatment was repeated as many as 3 replication. Descriptive data analysis done by measuring the parameters height, diameter, total wet weight, total dry weight, ratio of top and root of Eucalyptus deglupta seedling that have grown during 3 months. The results showed that the addition of coconut shell charcoal up to 10% and bokashi manure up to 60 grams into tailings medium can significantly increase high, diameter, total wet weight and total dry weight of Eucalyptus deglupta seedling, but could not significantly increase value of the top and root ratio. The addition of coconut shell charcoal and bokashi manure also able to improve nutrient availability at tailings.

Pengungkapan potensi hidup Eucalyptus deglupta di tailing belum banyak dilakukan, dimana tailing merupakan limbah hasil pengolahan tambang yang berpotensi menurunkan tingkat kesuburan tanah sehingga tanaman sulit untuk tumbuh, sedangkan Eucalyptus deglupta merupakan fast growing species yang memiliki sifat berbanding terbalik dengan tailing, contohnya kesuburan tanah. Penambahan arang tempurung kelapa dan bokashi pupuk kandang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas tailing sebagai media tanam dalam rangka meningkatkan pertumbuhan Eucalyptus deglupta. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian arang tempurung kelapa dan bokashi pupuk kandang terhadap pertumbuhan bibit leda (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume), serta memperoleh informasi mengenai keefektifannya sebagai pembangun kesuburan tanah pada media tailing tambang emas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca bagian Silvikultur dan laboratorium pengaruh hutan Fakultas Kehutanan IPB, dengan lokasi pengambilan sampel tailing dilakukan di PT. Antam UPBE Pongkor dan analisis unsur hara dilakukan di laboratorium Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, faktor pertama arang tempurung kelapa, yaitu: Tidak diberi arang (A0), Arang 2,5% (A1), Arang 5% (A2), Arang 7,5% (A3), dan Arang 10% (A4); faktor kedua bokashi pupuk kandang, yaitu: Tidak diberi bokashi (B0), Bokashi 20 g (B1), Bokashi 40 g (B2), dan Bokashi 60 g (B3). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan parameter pengukuran tinggi, diameter, berat basah total, berat kering total dan nisbah pucuk akar bibit Eucalyptus deglupta yang telah ditumbuhkan selama 3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan arang tempurung kelapa sampai dengan 10% dan bokashi pupuk kandang sampai dengan 60 gram ke media tailing dapat meningkatkan secara nyata tinggi, diameter, berat basah total, dan berat kering total bibit Eucalyptus deglupta, namun tidak dapat meningkatkan secara nyata nilai nisbah pucuk akar. Penambahan arang tempurung kelapa dan bokashi pupuk kandang juga mampu memperbaiki ketersediaan hara di tailing.