Gunung Halimun Salak National Park Corridor Conservation for Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert 1797) Habitats.

Abstract

The Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) corridor is an area connecting the Gunung Halimun and the Gunung Salak in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). The corridor functions as a habitat and a movement line for some important protected wildlife, such as javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert 1797). Javan gibbon is an endemic primate of Java Island. Its populations tend to decline and are scarcely distributed only in West and Central Java. The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) categorizes it as an endangered species. It is heavily dependent on its habitat condition that should provide appropriate trees for its food and bed. The local community’s high dependence on land and natural resources in the corridor has become a thread to the existence of Javan gibbon. The study is aimed at formulating the management of corridor models for conservation of the javan gibbon. It employs the Line Transect Methods for the data of javan gibbon’s population, the square line method for the javan gibbon’s habitat, and the use of Arc GIS 9.3 program for spatial modelling of javan gibbon’s habitat suitability in the National Park’s corridor, and the use of secondary data for the analisys of social economy of community. The research found nine groups of javan gibbon with 28 individuals in the corridor and nojavan gibbon in the research site of Cipanas. The group density of javan gibbon varied from 0.01 to 0.03 groups per km2, the population density was between 0.04 and 0.09 individual per km2. The average of highest INP values of trees was owned by rasamala (Altingia excelsa) at 144.26%, manii (Maesopsis eminii) at 64.65% and puspa (Schima wallichii) at 60.90%. The highest INP values for young trees were of kisireum (Syzygium rostratum) 79.02%, manii (73.68%), and huru hiris (Litsea brachystachya) 62.69%, while those for sapling were of manii (88.58%), kopinango (Nyssa sp.) 81.12%, and mara bereum (Macaranga triloba) 63.53%, for seedling level of batarua (Quercus gemiliflorus) 83.50%, manii (72.42%), and pasang (Quercus oldocarpa) 44.39%. For the habitat suitability, all groups of javan gibbon were found in the suitable class of habitat and nojavan gibbon found in the highly suitable and unsuitable habitat. There were estimation 28,608 people living in the corridor at 2020. most of them (76.58%) were at low level education (elementary and middle school); 52.64% were at 19 to 59 years of age; 63.29% were farmers; 83.4% held land less than 0.25 hectares; and 86.7% had monthly family income lower than Rp 74,000,-/capyta/year.

Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS) berasal dari perluasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun (TNGH), yang ditetapkan dengan SK Menteri Kehutanan Nomor:175/Kpts-II/2003, dengan luas 113.357 ha. Perluasan ini membentuk koridor TNGHS, yang menghubungkan Gunung Halimun dan Gunung Salak. Fungsi koridor TNGHS adalah sebagai habitat dan jalur pergerakan bagi owa jawa. Owa jawa merupakan primata endemik Pulau Jawa, yang penyebarannya terbatas hanya di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. status owa jawa menurut IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) termasuk kategori spesies yang terancam punah (Endangered Species). Selain penyebarannya yang terbatas, populasi owa jawapun diperkirakan sudah sangat sedikit. Hasil penelitian Kappeler (1987), memperkirakan populasi owa jawa di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah 8.000 individu. Iskandar (2007) memperkirakan populasi owa jawa di TNGHS berkisar antara 2.318-2.695 individu. Supriatna (2006) menyatakan bahwa diantara populasi owa jawa yang masih tersisa, sebahagian besar berada di TNGHS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: memformulasikan model konservasi koridor TNGHS untuk habitat owa jawa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di koridor TNGHS, berdasarkan administrasi pemerintahan koridor TNGHS berada pada dua kabupaten yaitu Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Kabandungan dengan desa Cihamerang, Cipeuteuy, dan Kabandungan) dan Kabupaten Bogor (Desa Purasari di Kecamatan Leuwiliang dan Desa Purwabakti di Kecamatan Pamijahan). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 sampai Juni 2011. Metode yang dipakai adalah line trnsect sampling untuk owa jawa, metode garis berpetak untuk habitat owa jawa, analisis spasial untuk kesesuaian habitat owa jawa, dan untuk melihat tekanan terhadap koridor TNGHS akibat aktifitas penduduk dipakai data sekunder tentang keadaan sosial ekonomi penduduk di koridor TNGHS.