Penguatan Modal Sosial dalam Memberantas Filariasis (Kasus di Desa Kembiri Kecamatan Membalong Kabupaten Belitung Provinsi Bangka Belitung)

Abstract

Lemahnya modal sosial mengakibatkan tidak terbangunnya kepercayaan dan terjadinya jaringan kerjasama diantara stakeholder dalam memberantas filariasis, maka pemerintah dalam hal ini dinas kesehatan yang bertanggung jawab secara teknis dalam memberantas filariasis hanya berjalan sendiri, sehingga upaya pemerintah dalam memberantas filariasis belum mendapatkan hasil yang diharapkan bersama dikarenakan kurangnya dukungan dan keterlibatan stakeholder lain. Keterbatasan pemerintah baik dari anggaran maupun keterbatasan pengaruh di masyarakat mengakibatkan tidak intensif menangani dan meminimalisir faktor penyebab terjadinya filariasis, yaitu faktor lingkungan fisik yang dijadikan sebagai tempat hidup dan berkembangbiaknya nyamuk, keterbatasan pemerintah dalam mempengaruhi masyarakat untuk merubah perilaku dan persepsi yang beresiko tinggi terhadap penularan filariasis, serta keterbatasan pemerintah untuk mengajak dan melibatkan peran serta aktif stakeholder lain secara bersama-sama dalam merumuskan, melaksanakan dan mengevaluasi program dalam memberantas filariasis

The effectiveness of social capital in organizing livelihood asset is the key to filariasis eradication. However, the trust and cooperative network of stakeholders are the factors that make filariasis eradication hard to succeed. The objective of this study was to analyze social capital of stakeholders, to identify the factors that contributed to the weakness of social capital and program formulation. The study approach used was qualitative through a case study of descriptive application. The data collection techniques used were documentation study, participative observation, in-depth interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The study result showed that the causes of filariasis were related to physical environment and socio-cultural environment. The potential of stakeholders' social capital could be developed by building the trust and cooperative network of stakeholders, and the social capital in terms of adat institution and village dukun served to mobilize the community. In the meantime, the private company of PT.A supported the fund through CSR and the government supported human resources and technology. Stakeholders' collaboration could change behaviors and decrease filariasis causes. The program of social capital reinforcement in eradicating filariasis was formulated through FGD, which included: Program I (to build trust and the norms of each stakekholder and to increase cooperative network.); Program II (to change behavior and perception of the community); and Program III (to decrease the risk factors of filariasis causes.) Keywords: social