Valuasi ekonomi terumbu karang kawasan konservasi laut Kepulauan Seribu

Abstract

Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu merupakan suatu kawasan konservasi laut yang melindungi beberapa ekosistem seperti terumbu karang, mangrove,padang lamun dsb. Salah satu ekosistem yang penting di kawasan ini adalah terumbu karang yang menyediakan berbagai macam manfaat seperti goods barang dan jasa yang mana memiliki nilal yang tinggl dan penting bagi masyarakat Kepulauan Seribu. Nilai yang terdapat pada ekosistem terumbu karang seringkali diabaikan dan dinilai rendah oleh masyarakat loka!. Dengan kata lain masyarakat Kepulauan Seribu masih undervalue terhadap nilai sesungguhnya yang dihasilkan ekosistem terumbu karang. Akibatnya adalah te~adinya degradasi ekosistem terumbu karang dan kerusakan lingkungan lainnya. Valuasi ekonomi merupakan instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur seberapa besar apresiasi masyarakat memberikan price tag terhadap layanan barang dan jasa dari ekosistem tersebut dibandingkan dengan nilai seutuhnya dari ekosistem tersebut. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi total ekosistem terumbu karang di Kepulauan Seribu. Secara khusus penelitianinibertujuan untuk 1) mengetahui kondisi'pemanfaatan dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang; 2) Mengetahui nilai pemanfaatan ekosistem terumbu karang yang berasal dari sektor perikanan dan pariwisata; 3) Mengetahui nilai no'; pemanfaatan ekosistem terumbu karang berupa nilai. proteksi terumbu karang dan nilai pilihan (option value).

Seribu Islands National Park (TNKpS) is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) which protects a number of the ecosystem such as coral reef, mangrove, seagrass and so on. Coral reefs is one of the most important ecosystems in this area which provides various benefits such as goods and services. These benefits are of high value and critical importance to the local economies in Seribu islands. These value were frequently overlooked or underappreciated by the local communities. In other words, the coral reefs ecosystem true value is still undervalued by the local communities. As a consequence the degradation and many other environmental damages were occurred. Economic valuation is an instrument that can be used to assess how much the communities appreciate goods and services from the ecosystem by giving 'price tag' and compared with its ecosystem true value. The main purpose of this research was to-assess coral reef's economic value which consist of use value and non use value. The use values derived from fisheries and tourism, meanwhile the non use values were derived from enviromental protection value and option value. The economic values were assessed using several approaches, namely change in productivity method, market prices, CVM, and Von Neumann-Morgenstern (option price). The results of the study showed that use value of tourism and fishery was 106.49 billion rupiah, and non-use value, included environmental protection value and option value, was 316.85 billion rupiah. Hence, the total economic value was 423.34 billion rupiah for total area 4,397.06 hectare or 96.28 million rupiah per hectare per year. However, the estimation for long-term (50 years) economic value in terms of Present Value (PV) to the local population will be much higher than the existing value. The estimated value will be of 5,162.23 billion rupiah on average or 1.18 billion rupiah per hectare. To secure these values, There are several policies can be implemented, such as increasing public awareness, rentcapture mechanism, institutional mechanism, 'localized economic scale' policy, and knowledge-based economic strenghtening.