Analisis aliran perdagangan dan investasi dalam integrasi ekonomi ASEAN : pendekatan model gravity

Abstract

This research aims to analysis how trade and investment flow within ASEAN area and ASEAN member countries. The research method used was gravity model, in both trade flow and investment flow. The research took 5 samples of ASEAN countries, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Philippines. Meanwhile, the trade and investment partners were taken from 14 countries with the greatest trade and investment contribution. The research took place within 1982 to 2006. The study results uncover that the trade flow within ASEAN area and its member countries is influenced positively and significantly by trade integration index, FDI, number of populations, economic transparency, interest rate and GDP. Meanwhile, some variables such as rate, distance and real exchange rate generally effect negatively to the trade flow. Within real sectors, it is found that FDI in ASEAN area and its member countries are positively and significantly affected GDP, number of populations, economic transparency and export and import, while other variables like interest rate, rate, distance and real exchange rate generally effect negatively to the FDI flow within ASEAN area. The participation of ASEAN countries in APEC economic integration affects positively to the trade increase. Compared to ASEAN economic integration, integration within APEC area has a greater impact. It indicates the low intensity of intra-trade amongst ASEAN countries. The membership of FDI investor countries within NAFTA area has positive impacts to FDI and ASEAN flow. In contrast, membership in European Union area has negative impacts. The members of NAFTA and ASEAN are jointly incorporated in APEC area. FDIs in China and India effect to ASEAN FDI. Trade between China and India with ASEAN is sufficiently high. China has a greater impact than India, in addition to the greater size, investment ease in China is better than India.