Spatial Analysis of Jembrana Disease in South Kalimantan Province
Analisa Spasial Penyakit Jembrana di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Abstract
Jembrana Disease (JD) is an acute infectious disease in Bali cattle that caused by Jembrana Disease Virus. It is causes high economical losses and endemic in several provinces in Indonesia. Studies on the epidemiology of JD rarely consider the spatial dimension of disease prevalence. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been increasingly used in spatial epidemiology to analyze the disease pattern based on the geographical data. This study presents the spatial analysis of JD to provide information about the distribution of JD in South Kalimantan province. Serological data were obtained based on the surveillance throughout the province and screened using PCR diagnostic technique during 2008 to 2010 to determine JD seropositive. JD was found mostly in the northern, southern, and western parts of the province. The seroprevalence of JD was higher in district of Banjarbaru, Banjar, and Tanah Laut. Using spatial scan statistic, the distribution of JD was spatial clustered in specific area. This elevated risk within the cluster was significant (p<0.001). JD seropositive positively associated with cattle density and distance to the main rivers and negatively associated with cattle density and elevation. It indicates that JD seropositive was higher in lowland and the area with higher cattle density Penyakit jembrana (JD) adalah penyakit infeksius pada sapi Bali yang disebabkan oleh Virus Penyakit Jembrana. JD menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang tinggi dan endemis di pelbagai daerah di Indonesia. Studi terhadap epidemiologi JD jarang mempertimbangkan dimensi spasial terhadap prevalensi JD. Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) telah banyak digunakan dalam bidang epidemiologi spatial untuk menganalisa pola penyakit berdasarkan data geografi. Penelitian ini menjelaskan analisa spasial JD untuk memberikan informasi tentang distribusi JD di provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Data serologis JD diperoleh berdasarkan kegiatan surveillance di seluruh Kalimantan Selatan dan diuji dengan PCR untuk menentukan seropositive JD dalam periode 2008 sampai 2010. Seropositive JD sebagian besar ditemukan didaerah utara, selatan, dan barat dari provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Seroprevalence JD yang tinggi terdapat di kabupaten Banjarbaru, Banjar, dan Tanah Laut. Dengan menggunakan spatial scan statistic, distribusi JD terkelompok pada daerah tertentu. Peningkatan resiko penyakit didalam cluster terjadi secara significant (p<0.001). Terdapat hubungan yang positif antara seropositive JD dengan elevasi dan kepdatan ternak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa seopositive JD banyak ditemukan di dataran rendah dan daerah yang mempunyai kepadatan sapi yang tinggi
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