Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), serta Perilaku Gizi Seimbang Ibu kaitannya dengan Status Gizi dan Kesehatan Balita di Kabupaten Bojonegoro

Abstract

Childhood is a very important period and should be given serious attention because during this time the growth process occurs very rapidly. Malnutrition among children under five are affected by many factors, one of which is parenting and maternal nutrition behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine nutritional knowledge, clean and healthy lifestyle behavior, and balanced nutrition maternal behavior, as well as its relationship with nutritional status and children health. The research was conducted during March-April 2011 using population survey study design. The population in this study consist of all the children under five living in Campurejo rural, Bojonegoro city districts, while the samples in this study were all children recorded in posyandu selected villages. The respondents were mothers of toddlers who were selected as samples. The sampling technique used was stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. The results showed that most maternal nutrition knowledge was classified in the medium category. Based on the classification of clean and healthy lifestyle behaviors in the families, it is known that most families (60%) belong to the category healthy family 3 (with the medium category of clean and healthy lifestyle behavior implementation), and 40% were classified as healthy family 4 (with a good category of clean and healthy lifestyle behavior implementation). Meanwhile, 87.27% balanced nutrition behavior of mothers were classified into the good category. Most of the samples were classified as normal nutritional status, both based on weight/age, height/age, and weight/height index. Nevertheless, based on weight/age index there were still 1.82% samples which were included as poor nutrition. Almost all the samples had experienced illness over the last month, with an average frequency of illness 1-2 times a month, and the average duration of illness 1-3 days. Maternal nutrition knowledge was positively correlated with clean and healthy lifestyle behavior (p<0.05 and r=0706), and also correlated with balanced nutrition behavior (p<0.05 and r=0537). Clean and healthy lifestyle behavior was positively correlated with nutritional status of samples (p<0.05 and r=0325), but didn’t correlate with the incidence of illness in the samples (p> 0.05). Balanced nutrition maternal behavior didn’t correlate with the nutritional status of samples (p> 0.05) and the incidence of illness in the samples (p> 0.05).

Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan gizi, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), dan perilaku gizi seimbang ibu, serta hubungannya dengan status gizi dan kesehatan balita di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik balita dan keluarga balita, 2) mempelajari pengetahuan gizi, PHBS, serta perilaku gizi seimbang ibu balita, 3) mempelajari tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi, status gizi, serta status kesehatan balita, 4) menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi dengan PHBS dan perilaku gizi seimbang ibu, 5) menganalisis hubungan perilaku gizi seimbang ibu dengan tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi balita, serta hubungan tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi dengan status gizi balita, 6) menganalisis hubungan PHBS keluarga dengan status gizi dan kesehatan balita, serta 7) mengalisis hubungan perilaku gizi seimbang ibu dengan status gizi dan kesehatan balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain population survey dengan teknik wawancara yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2011 di Desa Campurejo, Kecamatan Kota Bojonegoro. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian tersebut berdasarkan pertimbangan terdapat 1.8% balita dengan status gizi buruk dan 10.9% balita dengan status gizi kurang, serta cakupan penerapan PHBS ibu masih tergolong rendah (39.36%). Contoh dalam penelitian ini adalah balita yang tercatat di posyandu desa terpilih, sedangkan responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu dari balita yang terpilih sebagai contoh. Adapun populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita yang tinggal di Desa Campurejo, Kecamatan Bojonegoro, yaitu sebanyak 242 balita. Perkiraan ukuran minimal contoh ditentukan menggunakan rumus Lemeshow et al. (1997), yaitu 49 contoh yang dipilih dari tiga posyandu di desa terpilih. Kriteria pemilihan contoh adalah balita berusia 13-60 bulan yang tinggal bersama ibunya, tercatat di posyandu di desa terpilih, dan responden bersedia untuk diwawancara. Calon contoh diambil dari populasi yang memenuhi kriteria yaitu sebanyak 190 balita, kemudian selanjutnya dipilih menggunakan metode acak stratifikasi dengan alokasi proporsional, sehingga pada akhirnya diperoleh 55 calon contoh.