Pendugaan parameter genetik dan karakteristik molekuler

Abstract

Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) saat ini telah menjadi komoditas perkebunan strategis di Indonesia. Peningkatan peran kelapa sawit tidak terlepas dari kontribusi pemuliaan tanaman dalam mendukung penyediaan bahan tanaman unggul. Usaha merakit bahan tanaman kelapa sawit unggul sangat ditentukan oleh ketersediaan bahan dasar plasma nutfah dan variabilitas genetiknya.

Since the beginning of the last century, a lot of breeding programmes have been performed to genetically improve palm oil productivity. An experiment to study heritability, general combining ability (GCA), and specific combining ability (SCA) of some traits in oil palm progeny was conducted at Kebun Surya Adi, PT. Bina Sawit Makmur, Sampoerna Agro, Ogan Komering Ilir, Sumatera Selatan, from July 2006 until September 2008. The research was arranged in alpha design with two replications, 50 progenies and 12 palms for each replication, respectively. The results showed that broad sense heritability estimates were high for kernel to h i t content ratio and B-carotene content; medium for mesocarp to hit , oil to fresh mesocarp, and bunch number; and low for fresh fruit bunch, oil to bunch and h i t to bunch ratios. The general combining ability (GCA) of bunch number, rnesocarp to b i t , oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to .Fruit ratios and B-carotene content were highly significant. Similarly, the specific combining ability (SCA) of mesocarp to h i t , oil to fresh mesocarp, and kernel to hit ratios and B-carotene content were also highly significant. Moreover, for genetic diversity analysis, the objectives are to