Pemetaan Kesesuaian Habitat Rafflesia zollingeriana Kds. di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri

Abstract

Rafflesia zollingeriana merupakan tumbuhan endemik Taman Nasional Meru Betiri (TNMB). Populasinnya di TNMB terus menurun akibat perambahan hutan, kebakaran hutan, dan aktivitas manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan model dan luas kesesuaian habitat R. zollingeriana di TNMB serta mengidentifikasi faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi distribusi populasinya menggunakan model MaxEnt. Data perjumpaan R. zollingeriana diperoleh melalui observasi, kemudian dikombinasikan dengan data variabel lingkungan. Analisis multikolinearitas dilakukan untuk mendeteksi korelasi antar variabel. Model MaxEnt menghasilkan nilai luas di bawah kurva sebesar 0,946. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa seluas 1.382,38 ha kategori sangat sesuai, seluas 1.412,98 ha kategori sesuai, dan seluas 2.619,49 ha kategori cukup sesuai. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh pada model adalah curah hujan, jarak dari pantai, ketinggian, dan suhu permukaan.

Rafflesia zollingeriana is a plant endemic to Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB). Its population in TNMB continues to decline due to forest encroachment, forest fires, and human activities. This study aims to map the model and extent of habitat suitability for R. zollingeriana in TNMB and to identify environmental factors that influence its population distribution using MaxEnt model. Data on the occurrence of R. zollingeriana was obtained through observation, then combined with environmental variable data. Multicollinearity analysis was performed to detect correlations between independent variables. The MaxEnt model produced an area under curve value of 0.946. The modeling results showed that an area of 1,382.38 ha was classified as highly suitable, an area of 1,412.98 ha as suitable, and an area of 2,619.49 ha as moderately suitable. The variables that had the most influence on the model were rainfall, distance from the coast, altitude, and land surface temperature.