IPB University Logo

SCIENTIFIC REPOSITORY

IPB University Scientific Repository collects, disseminates, and provides persistent and reliable access to the research and scholarship of faculty, staff, and students at IPB University

AI Repository
 
Building and Categories


      View Item 
      •   IPB Repository
      • Dissertations and Theses
      • Master Theses
      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science
      • View Item
      •   IPB Repository
      • Dissertations and Theses
      • Master Theses
      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science
      • View Item
      JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

      Model Matematis Premi Asuransi Jiwa Berjangka Joint Life dengan Ketidakbebasan Mortalitas, Inflasi, dan Suku Bunga

      Thumbnail
      View/Open
      Cover (743.3Kb)
      Fulltext (1.833Mb)
      Lampiran (1.340Mb)
      Date
      2026
      Author
      Habel, Ine Febrianti
      Purnaba, I Gusti Putu
      Budiarti, Retno
      Metadata
      Show full item record
      Abstract
      Asuransi jiwa berjangka joint life adalah produk asuransi yang melindungi dua atau lebih orang, di mana manfaat dibayarkan saat kematian pertama terjadi dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Risiko kematian dalam produk asuransi jiwa joint life seringkali tidak saling bebas akibat adanya faktor bersama, seperti kesehatan, gaya hidup, atau lingkungan keluarga. Ketergantungan ini membuat penentuan premi lebih kompleks dibandingkan asuransi tunggal yang hanya menanggung satu orang. Pengabaian ketidakbebasan mortalitas dapat menghasilkan bias dalam perhitungan cadangan dan nilai kini manfaat yang berdampak pada perhitungan premi. Selain risiko mortalitas, penentuan premi asuransi jiwa sangat dipengaruhi oleh faktor ekonomi makro, terutama inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga. Inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga mempengaruhi permintaan terhadap asuransi jiwa yang secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi besar premi. Premi asuransi jiwa menurun saat suku bunga nominal meningkat, namun meningkat ketika pendapatan tertanggung diindeks terhadap inflasi. Fisher menghubungkan inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga melalui Persamaan Fisher. Penelitian terdahulu telah membahas faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penentuan premi asuransi jiwa, namun sebagian besar masih memperlakukan aspek mortalitas dan ekonomi secara terpisah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model matematis penentuan premi asuransi berjangka joint life dengan ketidakbebasan mortalitas yang memperhitungkan inflasi dan suku bunga serta melihat pengaruhnya terhadap besar premi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia IV tahun 2019. Tingkat bunga (??) yang digunakan sebesar 7% berdasarkan rata rata tingkat bunga BI rate 2015 hingga 2024, kemudian untuk mengkaji pengaruh perubahan suku bunga terhadap besar premi, dipilih ??1 < ?? dan ??2 > ?? yaitu ??1 = 6% dan ??2 = 8% dengan asumsi bunga konstan. Selanjutnya besar inflasi 3% berdasarkan rata-rata inflasi year on year tahun 2015 hingga 2024, dengan asumsi nilai inflasi konstan. Jangka waktu asuransi yaitu ?? =10 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan Mei 2025 hingga bulan Juni 2025. Ketidakbebasan mortalitas pasangan dimodelkan menggunakan jenis copula Archimedean yaitu copula Gumbel yang dipilih berdasarkan nilai Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) yang paling rendah, dimana menandakan kecocokan terbaik antara struktur ketergantungan yang dibangun dengan data observasi. Penentuan parameter ketergantungan menggunakan hubungan Kendall’tau dengan copula Archmedean. Manfaat asuransi sebesar 1 satuan dibayarkan segera pada saat kematian dan premi level tahunan dibayarkan pada setiap awal tahun sebesar 1 satuan. Hubungan antara inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga dihubungkan melalui Persamaan Fisher. Simulasi dilakukan pada tiga skenario usia pasangan yaitu usia suami dan istri sama, usia suami lebih tua lima tahun, dan usia istri lebih tua tiga tahun dengan usia suami 55 tahun hingga 65 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh nilai korelasi Kendall’s tau sebesar 0,8901 yang mengindikasikan adanya ketergantungan positif yang kuat antara mortalitas pasangan tertanggung. Selanjutnya, berdasarkan nilai tersebut, estimasi parameter pada copula Gumbel diperoleh sebesar ?? sebesar 9,0093. Hasil perhitungan tingkat suku bunga riil yang diperoleh dari hubungan inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga menggunakan Persamaan Fisher yaitu untuk ??1 = 6% tingkat bunga riil sebesar 2,91%, ?? = 7% tingkat bunga riil sebesar 3,88%, dan ??2 = 8% tingkat bunga riil sebesar 4,85%. Selanjutnya, hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai premi asuransi jiwa berjangka joint life dengan ketidakbebasan menggunakan model copula Gumbel lebih rendah dibandingkan premi asuransi jiwa berjangka joint life denga kebebasan mortalitas pada seluruh skenario usia. Selain itu, baik pada model ketidakbebasan mortalitas maupun kebebasan mortalitas, premi tahunan yang disesuaikan inflasi konsisten lebih tinggi dibandingkan tidak disesuaikan inflasi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh meningkatnya nilai nominal manfaat yang akan dibayarkan di masa depan, serta menurunnya tingkat suku bunga riil akibat inflasi, menyebabkan nilai sekarang manfaat meningkat dan premi yang harus dibayarkan oleh pemegang polis menjadi lebih besar. Tingkat suku bunga memberi pengaruh berlawanan, semakin tinggi tingkat bunga, premi tahunan yang dihasilkan semakin rendah, sebaliknya, semakin rendah tingkat bunga, premi tahunan yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model matematis asuransi jiwa berjangka joint life dengan memperhitungkan ketidakbebasan mortalitas serta mempertimbangkan pengaruh inflasi dan suku bunga menghasilkan estimasi premi yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan model yang mengasumsikan kebebasan mortalitas. Penggunaan copula Gumbel mampu merepresentasikan struktur ketergantungan positif yang kuat antar mortalitas pasangan tertanggung, sehingga peluang terjadinya kematian pertama dapat dimodelkan secara lebih memadai. Selain itu, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor ekonomi makro, khususnya inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga, berperan dalam memengaruhi besarnya premi asuransi jiwa. Oleh karena itu, pengabaian ketidakbebasan mortalitas maupun faktor inflasi dan suku bunga berpotensi menghasilkan estimasi premi yang tidak mencerminkan karakteristik risiko secara menyeluruh. Dengan demikian, model yang mengintegrasikan ketidakbebasan mortalitas serta pengaruh inflasi dan tingkat suku bunga dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pendekatan yang lebih komprehensif dalam penetapan premi asuransi jiwa berjangka joint life.
       
      Joint-life term life insurance is an insurance contract that provides coverage for two or more individuals, under which the insurance benefit is payable upon the occurrence of the first death within a specified contractual term. In such products, mortality risks frequently exhibit dependence arising from shared characteristics, including common health conditions, lifestyle behaviors, and family or environmental factors. The presence of mortality dependence complicates the premium determination process relative to single-life insurance contracts, which involve only one insured individual. The neglect of mortality dependence may result in biased estimates of reserves and the present value of benefits, thereby affecting premium calculations. Consequently, it is essential to explicitly account for mortality dependence in life insurance modeling. In addition to mortality risk, the determination of life insurance premiums is substantially influenced by macroeconomic factors, particularly inflation and interest rates. These economic variables affect the demand for life insurance and, in turn, have an indirect impact on premium levels. Life insurance premiums tend to decrease as nominal interest rates increase, but increase when the insured’s income is indexed to inflation. Fisher relates inflation and interest rates through the Fisher equation. Previous studies have examined the factors influencing the determination of life insurance premiums; however, most of them still treat mortality and economic aspects separately. Therefore, this study aims to develop a mathematical model for pricing joint-life term life insurance with mortality dependence, incorporating inflation and interest rates, and to examine their effects on premium levels. This study employs secondary data in the form of the Indonesian Mortality Table IV (2019). The interest rate (??) applied in the premium calculation is set at 7%, based on the average BI rate over the period 2015–2024. Furthermore, to examine the impact of changes in the interest rate on the calculation results, sensitivity analysis is conducted by selectingnamely ??1 < ?? and ??2 > ??, with ??1 = 6% and ??2 = 8%, under the assumption of a constant interest rate. Furthermore, the inflation rate is set at ?? = 3%, based on the average year-on-year inflation over the period 2015–2024, assuming a constant inflation rate. The insurance term is specified as ?? = 10 years. This research was conducted from May 2025 to June 2025. The mortality dependence between spouses is modeled using an Archimedean copula, with the Gumbel copula selected based on the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value, indicating the best fit between the constructed dependence structure and the observed data. The dependence parameter is estimated through the relationship between Kendall’s tau and the Archimedean copula. The insurance benefit, amounting to one unit, is paid immediately upon death, while annual premiums of one unit are payable at the beginning of each policy year in the form of an annuity-due. The relationship between inflation and interest rates is modeled through the Fisher equation. Simulations are conducted under three age scenarios for the insured spouses: equal ages for the husband and wife, the husband being five years older than the wife, and the wife being three years older than the husband, with the husband’s age ranging from 55 to 65 years. The results of the study indicate that Kendall’s tau for the Archimedean copula is 0.8901, suggesting a strong positive dependence between the mortalities the insured individuals. Furthermore, the estimated parameter of the Gumbel copula is ?? = 9.0093. Based on the Fisher equation relating inflation and interest rates, the calculated real interest rates are 2,91% for ??1 = 6%, 3,88% for ?? = 7%, and 4,85% for ??2 = 8%. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the premiums of joint-life term life insurance with mortality dependence modeled using the Gumbel copula are lower than those of joint-life term life insurance under the assumption of mortality independence across all age scenarios. Moreover, under both the mortality dependence and mortality independence models, annual premiums with inflation are consistently higher than those without inflation. This result is attributable to the increase in the nominal value of future benefit payments, as well as the reduction in the real interest rate due to inflation, which together raise the present value of benefits and, consequently, the premiums payable by policyholders. In contrast, interest rates exert an opposing effect: higher interest rates lead to lower annual premiums, whereas lower interest rates result in higher annual premiums. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the mathematical model for joint life term insurance, which accounts for mortality dependence and considers the effects of inflation and interest rates, produces premium estimates that differ from those obtained under the assumption of independent mortality. The use of the Gumbel copula is able to represent a strong positive dependence structure between the mortalities of the insured pair, thereby allowing the probability of first death to be modeled more appropriately. In addition, the analysis shows that macroeconomic factors, particularly inflation and interest rates, play a role in influencing the level of life insurance premiums. Therefore, neglecting mortality dependence as well as inflation and interest rate factors may lead to premium estimates that do not fully reflect the underlying risk characteristics. Consequently, a model that integrates mortality dependence along with the effects of inflation and interest rates may be considered a more comprehensive approach to pricing joint life term insurance premiums.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172999
      Collections
      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4170]

      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository
        

       

      Browse

      All of IPB RepositoryCollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjects

      My Account

      Login

      Application

      google store

      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository