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      Meta-Analisis Profil Antrakuinon dalam Teh: Variabilitas, Prekursor, dan Mitigasi Keamanan Pangan

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Humaira, Siti Sarah
      Budijanto, Slamet
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      Abstract
      Antrakuinon (AQ) merupakan kontaminan pada teh yang dibatasi sebesar 0,02 mg/kg oleh Uni Eropa karena memiliki potensi karsinogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengintegrasikan data kadar antrakuinon pada teh serta menganalisis variabilitas, faktor pembentuk, dan implikasinya terhadap keamanan pangan melalui pendekatan meta-analisis. Sebanyak 1759 artikel diidentifikasi dan diseleksi menggunakan kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi, menghasilkan 9 artikel dengan 61 data yang dianalisis menggunakan model random-effects dan ukuran efek raw mean difference (RMD) terhadap batas maksimum residu 0,02 mg/kg oleh Uni Eropa. Hasil menunjukkan nilai overall effect size sebesar 0,004 mg/kg (95% CI -0,004 hingga 0,013) dengan heterogenitas sangat tinggi (I² = 100%). Analisis subgroup mengindikasikan bahwa variasi kadar AQ dipengaruhi oleh jenis teh, negara asal, dan bahan bakar pengeringan, dengan kecenderungan kadar lebih tinggi pada sistem berbasis biomassa dan proses oksidatif intensif, meskipun meta-regresi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan secara statistik. Secara mekanistik, pembentukan AQ terjadi melalui deposisi eksternal antrasena hasil pembakaran serta reaksi internal antara hidrokuinon dan krotonaldehid selama pemanasan. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa AQ termasuk kontaminan berbasis proses, sehingga pengendalian kondisi pengeringan, sumber panas, dan lingkungan oksidatif menjadi aspek penting dalam upaya pengelolaan keamanan pangan teh. Kata kunci: antrakuinon, keamanan pangan, kontaminan proses, meta-analisis, teh
       
      Anthraquinone (AQ) is a tea contaminant regulated by the European Union at a maximum residue limit of 0.02 mg/kg due to its potential carcinogenicity. This study aimed to integrate data on AQ levels in tea and to examine their variability, formation factors, and food safety implications using a meta-analysis approach. A total of 1,759 articles were identified and screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 9 eligible studies comprising 61 datasets. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model with Raw Mean Difference (RMD) as the effect size relative to the EU maximum residue limit. The overall effect size was 0.004 mg/kg (95% CI -0.004 to 0.013), with very high heterogeneity (I² = 100%). Subgroup analyses indicated variability associated with tea type, country of origin, and drying fuel, with higher AQ levels observed in biomass-based drying systems and intensive oxidative processing, although meta-regression did not reveal statistically significant effects. Mechanistically, AQ formation involves external deposition of combustion-derived anthracene and internal reactions between hydroquinone and crotonaldehyde during thermal processing. These findings indicate that AQ is a process-induced contaminant, underscoring the importance of controlling drying conditions and heat sources to support tea food safety. Keywords: anthraquinone, food safety, meta-analysis, process-induced contaminant, tea
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172973
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      • UT - Food Science and Technology [3633]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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