Dampak Keberadaan Hutan Tanaman Industri PT. WKS terhadap Kondisi Sosial, Ekonomi, Lingkungan Masyarakat dan Perekonomian Wilayah

Abstract

Kebutuhan bahan baku industri perkayuan tidak dapat lagi terpenuhi dari hasil penebangan Hutan Alam, sehingga pemerintah perlu menetapkan kebijakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kawasan hutan produksi melalui pembangunan Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Kegiatan produksi HTI dapat menghasilkan dampak positif maupun negatif bagi kondisi lingkungan fisik serta aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat desa di sekitarnya dan perkembangan ekonomi wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak HTI PT. Wirakarya Sakti (WKS) terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan masyarakat desa di sekitar wilayah konsesi, serta mengkaji peran sektor kehutanan dalam perekonomian wilayah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat dan Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran kualitatif dan kuantitatif yang dilakukan melalui metode survei dan wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan skala likert, analisis Location Quotient, dan analisis Input-Output untuk mengkaji peran sektor Hutan Tanaman Industri dalam perekonomian wilayah Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat dan Provinsi Jambi. Uji-t berpasangan digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan rata-rata kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah beroperasinya HTI PT. WKS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari sisi sosial keberadaan HTI berkontribusi positif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, penyediaan fasilitas sosial, migrasi penduduk, dan perubahan pola kebiasaan masyarakat. Namun, juga menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa potensi konflik lahan. Dari sisi ekonomi memberikan dampak positif terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, terbukanya lapangan kerja baru, serta berkembangnya sektor perdagangan, jasa, dan usaha kecil di sekitar desa. Dari aspek lingkungan, memberikan dampak negatif terhadap peningkatan polusi udara, air, dan suara. Keberadaan sektor kehutanan pada industri kayu diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak yang positif dan lebih bermanfaat bagi masyarakat lokal. Analisis location quotient menunjukkan empat sektor basis dengan nilai LQ > 1, yaitu pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan; pertambangan dan penggalian; industri pengolahan; serta jasa perusahaan. Sektor kehutanan dan penebangan kayu memiliki keterkaitan sektoral yang kuat, terutama dalam mendorong pertumbuhan sektor hilir dan memiliki nilai yang lebih besar dari satu. Analisis multiplier effect juga menunjukkan kontribusi sektor kehutanan dalam memperkuat hubungan antar sektor dan mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah Provinsi Jambi.

The demand for raw materials for the timber industry can no longer be sustainably supplied through the extraction of natural forests. Therefore, government policies are needed to increase the productivity of production forests through the development of industrial timber plantations (HTI). Production activities of HTI can cause positive and negative impacts on the physical environment, social and economic aspects of the surrounding villages as well as economic development of the region. This study aims to analyze the impact of establishment of industrial plantation forest managed by PT. Wirakarya (WKS) on the socio, economic and environmental conditions of surrounding villages the concession area, as well as to analyze the role of the forestry sector in the economy of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency and Jambi Province. This study used a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach through surveys and interviews. Data were analyzed using a likert scale, location quotient analysis, and Input-Output analysis to determine the role of the industrial forestry sector in the economy of Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency and Jambi Province. Paired sample t-test were used to determine the differences in the average social, economic, and environmental conditions of the community before and after the operation of PT. WKS industrial forestry. The results of the research show that from a social aspects, the establishment of HTI has contributed positively to employment, the provision of social facilities, population migration, and changes in community habits. However, it also has a negative impact in the form of potential land conflicts. From an economic aspect, it has positive effect on the economic conditions of community, as seen from the increase in community income, the creation of new employment, and the growth of trade, service, and small business sectors around the village. From an environmental aspect, it has a negative impact on the increase in air, water, and noise pollution. The existence of the forestry sector in the timber industry was expected to provide positive and more beneficial impact for the local communities. Location Quotient analysis shows four base sectors with LQ values > 1, namely agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; mining and quarrying; manufacturing; and business services. The forestry and logging sector has strong sectoral linkages, particularly in driving downstream sector growth, and has a value greater than one. The multiplier effect analysis also shows the contribution of the forestry sector in strengthening intersectoral linkages and driving economic growth in the Jambi Province.