Strategi Peningkatan Kepatuhan Nelayan Bagan terhadap Kesesuaian Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut di Desa Sumberjaya, Pandeglang, Banten

Abstract

Pemanfaatan ruang laut oleh nelayan bagan sebagai alat tangkap menetap menghadapi tantangan hukum seiring diberlakukannya rezim penataan ruang laut dan kewajiban Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut (KKPRL). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) memetakan regulasi yang mengatur nelayan bagan yang bersifat menetap; (2) mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap nelayan bagan terhadap pemanfaatan ruang laut; dan (3) merumuskan strategi untuk meningkatkan pemahaman nelayan bagan terhadap pemanfaatan ruang laut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sumberjaya, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Provinsi Banten, menggunakan pendekatan analisis isi, yuridis komparatif, yuridis empiris melalui studi peraturan perundang-undangan, observasi lapangan, dan wawancara terhadap 30 nelayan bagan dengan metode snowball sampling. Hasil pemetaan hukum menunjukkan bahwa nelayan bagan secara normatif diklasifikasikan sebagai pemanfaat ruang laut yang tunduk pada kewajiban KKPRL berdasarkan rezim penataan ruang laut, meskipun regulasi tersebut belum sepenuhnya mempertimbangkan karakteristik nelayan kecil. Analisis implikasi regulasi menunjukkan adanya potensi kerentanan hukum berupa sanksi administratif dan pembatasan ruang tangkap. Tingkat pengetahuan nelayan terhadap regulasi dan prosedur KKPRL tergolong rendah, disertai sikap kritis dan defensif terhadap kewajiban perizinan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penyederhanaan prosedur, pengaturan masa transisi, serta pendampingan dan sosialisasi berbasis komunitas untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dan keberlanjutan mata pencaharian nelayan.

The utilization of marine space by stationary lift net (bagan) fishers faces increasing legal challenges following the implementation of the marine spatial planning regime and the requirement for Marine Spatial Utilization Conformity (Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut / KKPRL). This study aims to (1) map the regulations governing stationary lift net fishers; (2) examine the level of knowledge and attitudes of lift net fishers toward marine space utilization; and (3) formulate strategies to improve fishers’ understanding of marine space utilization. The research was conducted in Sumberjaya Village, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province, using a combination of content analysis, comparative juridical analysis, and empirical legal approaches through a review of laws and regulations, field observations, and interviews with 30 lift net fishers selected using snowball sampling. The legal mapping results indicate that lift net fishers are normatively classified as marine space users subject to KKPRL obligations under the marine spatial planning regime, although the existing regulatory framework does not fully accommodate the characteristics of small-scale fishers. The regulatory impact analysis reveals potential legal vulnerabilities, including administrative sanctions and restrictions on fishing grounds. Fishers’ levels of knowledge regarding KKPRL regulations and procedures remain low, accompanied by critical and defensive attitudes toward licensing obligations. This study recommends procedural simplification, the establishment of transitional arrangements, and community-based assistance and outreach to ensure legal certainty while safeguarding the sustainability of fishers’ livelihoods.