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      Model Sorpsi Isotermis Air dan Pendugaan Umur Simpan Kombucha Serbuk pada Beberapa Jenis Kemasan

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Widiaputri, Farah Fadhilah
      Sutrisno
      Widayanti, Siti Mariana
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      Abstract
      Kombucha dikenal sebagai minuman fungsional dengan berbagai manfaat kesehatan. Kombucha diproduksi melalui fermentasi larutan teh menggunakan Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) serta dapat diubah menjadi bentuk serbuk menggunakan metode pengeringan tertentu agar dapat mempertahankan kualitas rasa dan umur simpannya. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah menentukan teh terbaik sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kombucha serbuk, menghasilkan kombucha serbuk menggunakan metode foam-mat drying, dan menentukan model sorpsi isotermis air serta memperkirakan umur simpan kombucha serbuk pada beberapa jenis kemasan menggunakan pendekatan kadar air kritis. Prosedur penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga tahap: produksi kombucha, produksi kombucha bubuk, dan pengamatan selama penyimpanan. Tahap pertama dilakukan untuk memilih kombucha dengan jenis teh terbaik berdasarkan preferensi panelis dengan teh yang digunakan berupa teh hitam, teh hijau, dan teh melati. Tahap kedua dilakukan untuk mengubah larutan kombucha menjadi kombucha bubuk menggunakan metode foam-mat drying dengan suhu pengeringan 70? selama 6 jam. Tahap ketiga dilakukan untuk menentukan model sorpsi isotermis air serta menduga umur simpan kombucha bubuk menggunakan metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) pendekatan kadar air kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teh hijau menjadi bahan baku terbaik dalam pembuatan kombucha yang kemudian diolah menjadi kombucha serbuk. Aktivitas antioksidan (dinyatakan sebagai nilai IC50) kombucha sebelum dan setelah diubah menjadi kombucha serbuk adalah 4087,388 dan 290,412 µg/mL. Nilai vitamin C mengalami peningkatan dari sebelum dan setelah kombucha diubah menjadi kombucha serbuk, yaitu dari 185,047 menjadi 195,150 mg/100g. Kadar air kombucha serbuk yang dihasilkan sebesar 6,132% bk, sedangkan kadar air kritisnya sebesar 11,790% bk. Kurva sorpsi isotermis air kombucha serbuk masuk ke dalam Tipe III, dan model Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) menjadi model yang paling sesuai dalam menjelaskan karakteristik sorpsi isotermis air kombucha serbuk dengan nilai mean relative determination sebesar 5,038. Pendugaan umur simpan dengan pendekatan kadar air kritis menunjukkan kombucha serbuk yang dikemas menggunakan kemasan aluminum foil memiliki umur simpan selama 466,6 hari, sedangkan kombucha serbuk yang dikemas menggunakan kemasan nylon + LDPE memiliki umur simpan 365,5 hari pada suhu 30? dan RH 75%.
       
      Kombucha is widely recognized as a functional beverage with various health benefits. It is produced through the fermentation of tea infusion using a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) and can be further processed into powder form using appropriate drying methods to preserve its sensory quality and extend shelf life. The objectives of this study were to determine the best type of tea as a raw material for powdered kombucha production, to produce powdered kombucha using the foam-mat drying method, and to determine the moisture sorption isotherm model as well as to estimate the shelf life of powdered kombucha packaged in different materials using the critical moisture content approach. The research procedure consisted of three stages: kombucha production, powdered kombucha production, and storage observation. The first stage aimed to select the best tea type based on panelist preference, using black tea, green tea, and jasmine tea. The second stage involved converting liquid kombucha into powder using the foam-mat drying method at 70°C for 6 hours. The third stage aimed to determine the moisture sorption isotherm model and to estimate the shelf life of powdered kombucha using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method based on the critical moisture content approach. The results showed that green tea was the best raw material for kombucha production, which was then processed into powdered kombucha. The antioxidant activity (expressed as IC50 value) of kombucha before and after drying into powder was 4087.388 and 290.412 µg/mL, respectively. The vitamin C content increased after drying, from 185.047 to 195.150 mg/100 g. The moisture content of the resulting powdered kombucha was 6.132% (dry basis), while the critical moisture content was 11.790% (dry basis). The moisture sorption isotherm curve of powdered kombucha was classified as Type III, and the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model was the most suitable in describing its characteristics, with a mean relative determination of 5.038. Shelf-life estimation using the critical moisture content approach showed that powdered kombucha packaged in aluminum foil had a shelf life of 466.6 days, while that packaged in nylon + LDPE had a shelf life of 365.5 days at 30°C and 75% relative humidity.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172934
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      • MT - Agriculture Technology [2458]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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