Konstruksi Sosiokultural Dan Tata Kelola Adaptasi Perubahan Iklim Berbasis Komunitas Dan Desa

Abstract

Dampak perubahan iklim semakin nyata dirasakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, dari banjir rob, kekeringan, abrasi pantai, hingga penurunan produktivitas pertanian dan perikanan. Namun, berbagai kebijakan dan aksi iklim belum menunjukkan hasil signifikan, sementara pemahaman masyarakat terhadap perubahan iklim masih terbatas dan sering dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman, nilai, serta pengetahuan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konstruksi sosiokultural yang membentuk adaptasi perubahan iklim di tingkat komunitas dan desa, mengkaji inisiatif lokal yang berkonvergensi dengan pengurangan risiko bencana, serta menganalisis peran tata kelola berbasis komunitas dan desa dalam mendukung proses adaptasi dan mitigasi. Analisis menggunakan perspektif Konstruksi Sosial, imajinasi sosiologis, analisis wacana, dan kerangka polycentric governance. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif-interpretatif di Desa Binor dan Desa Lumbang, Kabupaten Probolinggo, melalui analisis wacana, sejarah lokal, tematik, dan integrasi hermeneutik-dialektik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adaptasi perubahan iklim merupakan proses sosial-historis yang berakar pada pengalaman ekologis, nilai gotong royong, spiritualitas, dan relasi masyarakat dengan alam. Perbedaan kondisi geografis membentuk variasi strategi adaptasi, di mana wilayah pesisir menekankan konservasi pesisir dan ekonomi bahari, sedangkan wilayah daratan mengembangkan adaptasi pertanian lahan kering dan konservasi sumber air. Inisiatif adaptasi masyarakat sering beririsan dengan praktik pengurangan risiko bencana melalui aksi kolektif dan solidaritas sosial. Tata kelola desa berperan penting dalam melembagakan nilai, pengetahuan lokal, dan praktik adaptasi melalui regulasi serta kolaborasi multi-aktor. Sinergi antara komunitas sebagai produsen praktik adaptif dan pemerintah desa sebagai pengelola kelembagaan lokal menjadi kunci bagi adaptasi perubahan iklim yang kontekstual, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.

The impacts of climate change are increasingly evident in Indonesia, ranging from coastal flooding, drought, and shoreline erosion to declining agricultural and fishery productivity. However, many climate policies and actions have not yet produced significant outcomes, and public understanding of climate change remains limited and is often shaped by local experience, values, and knowledge. This study aims to explain the sociocultural construction of climate change adaptation at the community and village levels, examine local initiatives converging with disaster risk reduction, and analyze the role of community- and village-based governance in supporting adaptation and mitigation processes. The analysis draws on Social Construction theory, sociological imagination, discourse analysis, and a polycentric governance framework. A qualitative-interpretive approach was employed in Binor and Lumbang Villages, Probolinggo Regency, using discourse, local historical, and thematic analyses, combined with a hermeneutic-dialectical interpretation. The findings show that climate change adaptation is a socio-historical process rooted in ecological experience, mutual cooperation, spirituality and community–nature relations. Geographic diversity shapes differentiated adaptation strategies, with coastal areas emphasizing coastal conservation and marine-based livelihoods and inland areas focusing on dryland agriculture and water resource conservation. Community adaptation initiatives frequently intersect with disaster risk reduction through collective actions and social solidarity. Village governance plays a significant role in institutionalizing local values, knowledge, and adaptive practices through local regulations and multi-actor collaborations. Synergy between communities as producers of adaptive knowledge and practices and village governments as institutional managers is essential for achieving contextual, inclusive, and sustainable climate change adaptation.