Manfaat Formula Antistres Alami Temulawak, Asam Sitrat, dan Molases terhadap Performa Domba Jantan Pasca Transportasi

Abstract

Proses transportasi yang kurang baik dapat mengakibatkan ternak mengalami cidera, penurunan performa, dan mengalami stres oksidatif akibat terbentuknya radikal bebas selama proses transportasi, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian bagi peternak secara ekonomi. Pemberian obat-obatan anti stres misalnya antioksidan dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Antioksidan alami umumnya tidak memiliki efek samping, karena selain bekerja memperbaiki sel-sel yang rusak juga meningkatkan sistem imun ternak. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan formula anti stres alami berupa temulawak yang dikombinasi dengan penambahan asat sitrat dan molases di dalam ransum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari manfaat pemberian formula anti stres alami berupa temulawak, asam sitrat, dan molases di dalam ransum pra transportasi terhadap performa domba jantan pasca transportasi. Ternak yang digunakan sebanyak 20 ekor domba jantan berumur 12-14 bulan dan berat badan awal 29,76 ± 3,88 kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan berupa formula anti stres alami dan 5 kelompok ternak berdasarkan bobot badan domba sebelum perlakuan. Rancangan pertama digunakan pada saat pra dan pasca transportasi. Parameter yang diamati meliputi performa ternak pra dan pasca transportasi, pengaruh perlakuan pada respon fisiologis, dan profil darah pasca transportasi. Adapun ke empat perlakuan tersebut adalah: T0 = Pakan konsentrat + ampas tahu, T1 = T0 + 1% asam sitrat + 1% molases, T2 = T1 + 1% temulawak, dan T3 = T1 + 2% temulawak. Analisis data pada rancangan pertama menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Rancangan selanjutnya, yaitu RAK dengan 2 perlakuan dan 4 kelompok ternak berdasarkan bobot badan domba pasca transportasi. Rancangan kedua digunakan pada saat setelah sembilan hari pemeliharaan pasca transportasi menggunakan ternak dengan perlakuan T0 dan T3. Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsumsi nutrien, efisiensi pakan, income over feed cost (IOFC), dan profil darah setelah sembilan hari pemeliharaan. Analisis data pada rancangan kedua serta pengaruh waktu pada respon fisiologis dan profil darah menggunakan Paired Sample T-Test. Aplikasi yang digunakan berupa IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Hasil penelitian tahap pra transportasi menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap performa ternak. Hasil penelitian tahap pasca transportasi menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata secara fisiologis terhadap denyut jantung dan suhu rektal, serta profil darah seperti eritrosit, leukosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, limfosit, neutrofil, eosinofil, basofil, rasio neutrofil terhadap limfosit (N:L), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), dan kreatinin pasca transportasi, namun T1 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap T2 pada laju respirasi, T3 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap T0 dan T2 pada persentase penyusutan pasca transportasi, T2 dan T3 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap T0 pada monosit, dan T1 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap T0 pada glukosa. Hasil penelitian antar waktu pada saat pra dan pasca transportasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju respirasi dan suhu rektal, namun berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap denyut jantung. Hasil penelitian setelah sembilan hari pemeliharaan pasca transportasi menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi nutrien, efisiensi pakan, IOFC, eritrosit, leukosit, limfosit, neutrofil, eosinofil, monosit, N:L, glukosa, BUN, dan kreatinin, namun T3 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap T0, T1, dan T3 pada tingkat pemulihan bobot badan, T3 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap T0 pada hemoglobin, hematokrit, dan basofil. Hasil penelitian antar waktu pada saat pasca transportasi dan setelah 9 hari pemeliharaan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap eritrosit, leukosit, limfosit, neutrofil, eosinofil, monosit, basofil, dan N:L, namun berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap hemoglobin, hematokrit, glukosa, BUN, dan kreatinin. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian formula anti stres alami berupa temulawak, asam sitrat, dan molases dalam ransum pra transportasi mampu meningkatkan performa domba jantan pasca transportasi. Pemberian formula anti stres berupa 1% asam sitrat + 1% molases + 2% temulawak selama 3 hari pemberian pra transportasi menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan menghasilkan bobot badan 1,59 kali lebih besar setelah 9 hari pemeliharaan pasca transportasi daripada tanpa pemberian. Formula anti stres berupa 1% asam sitrat + 1% molases + 2% temulawak juga mampu menjaga nilai denyut jantung dan suhu rektal dalam keadaan normal saat pra dan pasca transportasi, menurunkan persentase penyusutan dan meningkatkan proses pemulihan bobot badan domba saat pasca transportasi, serta menjaga nilai profil darah dalam keadaan normal pada saat pasca transportasi dan setelah 9 hari pemeliharaan, namun belum mampu memengaruhi pertambahan bobot badan secara signifikan.

Poor transportation processes can lead to injuries and decreased performance. Furthermore, livestock experience oxidative stress due to the formation of free radicals during transportation, resulting in economic losses for farmers. Administering anti-stress medications, such as antioxidants, can address these issues. Natural antioxidants generally have no side effects, as they repair damaged cells and boost the livestock's immune system. This study used a natural anti-stress formula consisting of curcuma combined with the addition of citric acid and molasses to the ration. The purpose of this study was to examine the benefits of providing a natural anti-stress formula consisting of Javanese turmeric, citric acid, and molasses in the pre-transportation ration on the post-transport performance of rams. The livestock used were 20 male sheep aged 12-14 months with an initial body weight of 29.76 ± 3.88 kg. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 treatments in the form of a natural anti-stress formula and 5 groups of livestock based on the sheep's body weight before treatment. The first design was used during pre- and post-transportation. The parameters observed included pre- and post-transportation livestock performance, the effect of treatment on physiological responses, and post-transportation blood profiles. The four treatments were: T0 = Concentrate feed + tofu dregs, T1 = T0 + 1% citric acid + 1% molasses, T2 = T1 + 1% Javanese turmeric, and T3 = T1 + 2% Javanese turmeric. Data analysis in the first design used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Duncan's advanced test. The next design, namely RBD with 2 treatments and 4 groups of livestock based on the sheep's body weight after transportation. The second design was used after nine days of post-transportation maintenance using livestock with treatments T0 and T3. Observed parameters included nutrient consumption, feed efficiency, income over feed cost (IOFC), and blood profiles after nine days of rearing. Data analysis in the second design, as well as the effect of time on physiological responses and blood profiles, used a Paired Sample T-Test. IBM SPSS Statistics 25 was used as the application. The results of the pre-transportation phase of the study showed that the treatment had no significant effect on livestock performance. The results of the post-transportation phase of the study showed that the treatment had no significant physiological effect on heart rate and rectal temperature, as well as blood profiles such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N:L), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine post-transportation. However, T1 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on T2 on the respiration rate, T3 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on T0 and T2 on the percentage of post-transportation shrinkage, T2 and T3 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on T0 on monocytes, and T1 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on T0 on glucose. However, it had a significant effect (p<0.05) on respiration rate, post-transportation loss, monocytes, and glucose. The results of the inter-time study during the pre- and post-transportation phases had no significant effect on respiration rate and rectal temperature, but had a significant effect (p<0.05) on heart rate. The results of the study after nine days of post-transportation maintenance showed that the treatment had no significant effect on body weight gain, nutrient consumption, feed efficiency, IOFC, erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, N:L, glucose, BUN, and creatinine, however, T3 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on T0, T1, and T3 on the level of body weight recovery, T3 had a significant effect (p<0.05) on T0 on hemoglobin, hematocrit, and basophils. The results of the inter-time study post-transportation and after 9 days of maintenance showed no significant effect on erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, and N:L, but had a significant effect (p<0.05) on hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, BUN, and creatinine. The conclusion of this study is that the provision of a natural anti-stress formula in the form of Javanese ginger, citric acid, and molasses in the pre-transportation ration can improve the performance of rams after transportation. The provision of an anti-stress formula in the form of 1% citric acid + 1% molasses + 2% Javanese ginger for 3 days of pre-transportation administration showed the best results by producing a body weight 1.59 times greater after 9 days of post-transportation maintenance than without administration. The anti-stress formula in the form of 1% citric acid + 1% molasses + 2% Javanese ginger was also able to maintain heart rate and rectal temperature values in normal conditions during pre- and post-transportation, reduce the percentage of shrinkage and increase the process of recovery of body weight of sheep during post-transportation, and maintain blood profile values in normal conditions during post-transportation and after 9 days of maintenance, but has not been able to significantly affect body weight gain.