Poliploidisasi Tanaman Telang Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Larutan dari Obat Tablet Kolkisin

Abstract

Tanaman telang adalah tanaman hias yang biasanya ada di pekarangan rumah dan kaya akan sejumlah potensi farmakologi, salah satunya antioksidan. Optimalisasi pemanfaatan tanaman telang dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas tanaman telang melalui perakitan varietas unggul dengan poliploidisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh media terbaik untuk pertumbuhan embrio aksis telang, memperoleh konsentrasi dan lama perendaman embrio aksis dalam kolkisin dari larutan Recolfar yang efektif menginduksi terjadinya poliploidisasi, serta mengetahui perubahan pertumbuhan telang poliploid. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Agustus 2025 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 3 dan Mikroteknik Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pertama, RAL satu faktor, yaitu komposisi media (MD1, MD2, MD3, dan MD4). Kedua, RAL dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi kolkisin (0, 50, dan 100 ppm) dan lama perendaman (24 dan 48 jam). Media MD1 (MS tanpa ZPT) merupakan media terbaik pada pertumbuhan embrio aksis tanaman telang. Konsentrasi kolkisin 100 ppm selama 24 jam merupakan perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini dan menghasilkan tanaman telang poliploid berdasarkan peningkatan ukuran daun, jumlah kloroplas, dan penurunan densitas stomata.

Butterfly pea is an ornamental plant commonly found in home gardens and known for its diverse pharmacological potentials, including antioxidant activity. The utilization of Clitoria ternatea can be further optimized by improving its production and quality through the development of superior varieties via polyploidization, This study aims to determine the optimal medium for the growth butterfly pea embryo axes, to identify the effective concentration and immersion duration of embryo axes in colchicine derived from Recolfar solution for inducing polyploidization, and to examine the growth changes in polyploid butterfly pea plants. The experiment was from January to August 2025 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory 3 and Microtechnique Laboratory, Departement of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. This study consisted of two experimental designs using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first experiment employed a single-factor CRD, namely culture meduum composition ( MD1, MD2, MD3, and MD4). The second experiment used a two-factor CRD, consisting of colchicine concentrations (0, 50, and 100 ppm) and immersion durations (24 and 48 hours). Medium MD1 (MS medium without plant growth regulators) was identified as the most suitable medium for the growth of embryonic axis explants of butterfly pea. A colchicine concentration of 100 ppm with an immersion duration 24 hours was the best treatment in this study and resulted in polyploid butterfly pea plants, as indicated by increased leaf size and chloroplast number, as well as decreased stomatal density.