Pengolahan Limbah Cair Tekstil dengan Sistem Floating Wetland Menggunakan Tanaman Heliconia psittacorum dan Bakteri-Bentonite Terimobilisasi

Abstract

Limbah cair tekstil mengandung zat warna dan bahan organik berkonsentrasi tinggi yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan perairan. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan ramah lingkungan adalah sistem floating wetland yang memanfaatkan tanaman dan aktivitas mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertumbuhan Heliconia psittacorum, dinamika bakteri–bentonite terimobilisasi, serta efisiensi penyisihan parameter pencemar limbah cair tekstil. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan pendekatan komparatif deskriptif dengan dua perlakuan, yaitu sistem floating wetland tanpa dan dengan penambahan bakteri–bentonite terimobilisasi. Limbah cair tekstil konsentrasi 10% diolah secara batch selama 6 minggu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan tanaman, populasi bakteri, pH, COD, BOD, TSS, dan zat warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Heliconia psittacorum mampu tumbuh dengan baik pada sistem floating wetland. Sistem ini mampu meningkatkan pH menjadi netral serta menurunkan COD hingga 71,70%, BOD hingga 38,51%, TSS hingga 84,12%, dan zat warna hingga 39,72%, sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengolahan limbah cair tekstil yang efektif dan berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: bakteri terimobilisasi, floating wetland, limbah cair tekstil

Textile wastewater contains high concentrations of dyes and organic materials that have the potential to pollute aquatic environments. One environmentally friendly treatment alternative is a floating wetland system that utilizes plants and microorganism activity. This study aims to analyze the growth of Heliconia psittacorum, the dynamics of immobilized bacteria-bentonite, and the efficiency of removing pollutant parameters from textile wastewater. The study was conducted experimentally with a descriptive comparative approach with two treatments, namely a floating wetland system without and with the addition of immobilized bacteria-bentonite. Textile wastewater with a concentration of 10% was processed in batches for 6 weeks. The parameters observed included plant growth, bacterial population, pH, COD, BOD, TSS, and dye. The results showed that Heliconia psittacorum was able to grow well in the floating wetland system. This system was able to increase the pH to neutral and reduce COD by up to 71.70%, BOD by up to 38.51%, TSS by up to 84.12%, and dye by up to 39.72%, thus having the potential to be an effective and sustainable alternative for textile wastewater treatment.

Keywords: dye wastewater, floating wetland, immobilized bacteria.