Metagenomik Keragaman Komunitas Fungi Pada Tanah Mangrove Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai Sulawesi Tenggara

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove berperan penting dalam mendukung keseimbangan lingkungan, melalui aktivitas mikroorganisme seperti fungi. Informasi terkait komunitas fungi di kawasan mangrove, seperti Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman dan potensi fungsional komunitas fungi tanah mangrove TNRAW menggunakan pendekatan metagenomik berbasis sekuens ITS2. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengambilan sampel tanah dari lima titik, ekstraksi DNA, dan evaluasi kualitas hasil ekstraksi DNA. Sekuensing dilakukan dengan Oxford Nanopore Technologies PromethION 2 Solo, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan platform UseGalaxy dan R. Sekuensing seluruh sampel menghasilkan 378.926 sekuens dengan 77.666.929 basa. Keanekaragaman fungi pada seluruh sampel tanah mangrove tinggi dengan genus Malassezia, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Neurospora. Prediksi fungsional komunitas fungi menunjukkan aktivitas metabolisme energi, dan lipid. Keberadaan gen regulasi sel RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor menunjukan kemampuan fungi beradaptasi terhadap lingkungan mangrove yang ekstrim.

Mangrove ecosystems play an important role in maintaining environmental balance through the activities of microorganisms such as fungi. Information regarding fungal communities in mangrove ecosystems, such as Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai, remains limited. This study aimed to identify the diversity and functional potential of soil fungal communities in the mangrove ecosystem of TNRAW using an ITS2-based metagenomic approach. The methods included soil sampling from five sites, DNA extraction, and evaluation of DNA extraction quality. Sequencing was performed using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies PromethION 2 Solo platform, while data analysis was conducted using the UseGalaxy platform and R. Sequencing of all samples generated a total of 378.926 sequences with 77.666.929 bases. Fungal diversity across all mangrove soil samples was high, with the genera Malassezia, Fusarium, Aspergillus, and Neurospora being dominant. Functional prediction of the fungal community indicated activities related to energy and lipid metabolism. The presence of regulatory genes encoding the RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor suggests the ability of fungi to adapt to the extreme environmental conditions of mangrove ecosystems.