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      Pengelolaan Pencemaran Sampah Laut Akibat Wisata Pantai dan Kontribusi Sungai di Pantai Pasar Bawah, Bengkulu

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Wahyu, Novan Agel
      Wardiatno, Yusli
      Krisanti, Majariana
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      Abstract
      Pencemaran sampah laut di Pantai Pasar Bawah, Bengkulu, merupakan permasalahan yang berasal dari kombinasi aktivitas wisata, kontribusi sampah dari hulu sungai, serta kegiatan antropogenik masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status pencemaran sampah laut di Pantai Pasar Bawah menggunakan metode clean coast index (CCI), mengestimasi nilai kesediaan membayar wisatawan (willingness to pay/WTP) untuk pengelolaan sampah laut, serta menentukan prioritas strategi pengelolaan melalui analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lima stasiun yang mewakili variasi kondisi pemanfaatan ruang, aktivitas wisata, dan kedekatan dengan muara Sungai Air Manna. Pengambilan sampah laut dilakukan dengan metode transek garis menggunakan kategori National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Survey WTP dilakukan terhadap 301 wisatawan menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) dengan pertanyaan terbuka. Penentuan prioritas strategi menggunakan AHP dengan melibatkan pemangku kepentingan daerah, akademisi, dan ahli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencemaran sampah laut di Pantai Pasar Bawah didominasi oleh jenis organik (89%), diikuti sampah plastik (9%), sedangkan kaca, logam, karet, kain dan turunan, serta kategori lain masing-masing <2%. Dominasi organik menegaskan kuatnya kontribusi sampah dari hulu melalui aliran Sungai Air Manna, selain aktivitas wisata di kawasan pantai. Nilai CCI menunjukkan kondisi pantai tergolong kotor hingga sangat kotor, dengan rincian sebagai berikut: Stasiun 1 skor 60,58 (sangat kotor); Stasiun 2 dengan skor 5,06 (bersih); Stasiun 3 skor 6,32 (moderat); Stasiun 4 skor 43,70 (sangat kotor); Stasiun 5 dengan skor 38,37 (sangat kotor). Survei WTP terhadap 301 menghasilkan rata-rata Rp 3.234 per kunjungan untuk mendukung pengelolaan sampah. Sebagian kecil responden menyatakan protest zero karena menganggap pengelolaan sampah sepenuhnya merupakan tanggung jawab pemerintah. Nilai WTP ini menunjukkan adanya potensi pendanaan mandiri berbasis wisatawan, selama mekanisme pengelolaannya transparan dan akuntabel. Analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Daerah merupakan aktor paling dominan dalam pengelolaan sampah laut di Pantai Pasar Bawah, dengan kelembagaan sebagai kriteria prioritas utama. Pada tingkat sub-kriteria, aspek koordinasi, kesadaran dan partisipasi masyarakat, serta dukungan pendanaan menjadi faktor penting dalam pengambilan keputusan. Strategi pengelolaan berbasis komunitas memiliki bobot prioritas tertinggi sebagai arah pengelolaan, yang dibangun secara bertahap melalui peningkatan kapasitas Masyarakat.
       
      Marine debris pollution at Pasar Bawah Beach, Bengkulu, originates from a combination of tourism-related activities, river-borne waste transported from upstream areas, and various coastal anthropogenic sources. This study aims to analyze the status of marine litter pollution at Pasar Bawah Beach using the method clean coast index (CCI), estimate tourists’ willingness to pay (WTP) for marine debris management; and determine management strategy priorities through the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The research was conducted at five stations representing varying spatial uses, tourism intensity, and proximity to the Air Manna River estuary. Marine debris was sampled using line transects following National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) categories. WTP survey was conducted on 301 tourists using the contingent valuation method (CVM) with an open-ended question. Strategy prioritization was determined using AHP, involving local stakeholders, academics, and experts. The results of the study show that marine debris pollution on Pasar Bawah Beach is dominated by organic products (89%), followed by plastic waste (9%), while glass, metal, rubber, fabric and fabric products, and other categories each account for <2%. The dominance of organic confirms the strong contribution of waste from upstream through the Air Manna River, in addition to tourist activities in the coastal area. The CCI values indicate that the condition of the beach is classified as dirty to very dirty, with the following details: Station 1 score 60.58 (very dirty); Station 2 with score 5.06 (clean); Station 3 score 6.32 (moderate); Station 4 score 43.70 (very dirty); Station 5 with score 38.37 (very dirty). The WTP survey of 301 respondents yielded an average of Rp 3,234 per visit to support waste management. A small number of respondents expressed zero willingness to pay because they considered waste management to be entirely the responsibility of the government. This WTP value indicates the potential for tourist based self-funding, as long as the management mechanism is transparent and accountable. The AHP analysis indicates that the local government is the most dominant actor in marine debris management at Pasar Bawah Beach, with institutional capacity as the main priority criterion. At the sub-criteria level, coordination, community awareness and participation, and funding support are key considerations. Community-based management emerges as the highest-priority strategy, which is developed gradually through capacity building of local communities.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172180
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      • MT - Fisheries [3246]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository