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      Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove Berbasis Masyarakat di Negeri Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Wally, Sakina
      Yulianto, Gatot
      Kurniawan, Fery
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      Abstract
      Ekosistem mangrove di Negeri Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah memiliki nilai ekologis dan sosial–ekonomi yang penting dalam mendukung keberlanjutan wilayah pesisir serta kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal. Pemanfaatan ekosistem mangrove selama ini masih terbatas pada kebutuhan domestik dan aktivitas ekonomi sederhana, sehingga fungsi ekologis dan potensi pemanfaatan berkelanjutan, termasuk sebagai ekowisata berbasis masyarakat, belum dikelola secara optimal. Persepsi masyarakat yang masih dipengaruhi pandangan mistis, keterbatasan literasi lingkungan, rendahnya partisipasi pada tahap perencanaan dan evaluasi, serta lemahnya dukungan kelembagaan menjadi faktor penghambat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove yang berkelanjutan. Kondisi tersebut menuntut adanya kajian komprehensif yang mampu mengaitkan aspek partisipasi masyarakat dengan kondisi ekosistem serta arah strategi pengelolaan yang kontekstual dan berpihak pada kebutuhan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat dan peran partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove, menilai status keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove melalui pendekatan ekologis, biofisik, dan spasial, serta merumuskan strategi prioritas pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berbasis partisipasi masyarakat. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi lapangan, kuesioner skala Likert, wawancara mendalam, serta analisis citra Sentinel-2A tahun 2016, 2021, dan 2025. Penilaian keberlanjutan dilakukan menggunakan Mangrove Ecosystem Sustainability Index (MESI), sedangkan perumusan strategi pengelolaan dianalisis menggunakan Analytical Network Process (ANP) untuk menilai keterkaitan aspek ekologi, sosial, dan kelembagaan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan persepsi masyarakat berada pada kategori baik dan partisipasi berada pada kategori cukup tinggi, khususnya dalam implementasi dan pemanfaatan ekonomi. keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove berada pada kategori sedang, yang mencerminkan kondisi ekologi relatif stabil namun masih menghadapi tekanan dari aktivitas pesisir dan perubahan penggunaan lahan. Analisis ANP menempatkan aspek kelembagaan sebagai faktor paling berpengaruh dalam pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove, terutama terkait koordinasi antar lembaga, kejelasan peran, dan keberlanjutan pendanaan. Strategi prioritas pengelolaan meliputi penguatan kapasitas dan kesadaran ekologis masyarakat, pembentukan kelembagaan pengelolaan kolaboratif, rehabilitasi ekosistem mangrove berbasis komunitas, serta pengembangan pemanfaatan mangrove yang bersifat edukatif dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa keberhasilan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove di Negeri Amahai sangat ditentukan oleh partisipasi masyarakat yang terstruktur, dukungan kelembagaan yang kuat, serta penguatan aspek ekologis secara konsisten. Temuan ini memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi pemerintah daerah dan pemangku kepentingan dalam merumuskan kebijakan serta model pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berbasis masyarakat yang adaptif, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.
       
      The mangrove ecosystem in Amahai Village, Central Maluku Regency, possesses significant ecological and socio-economic value, supporting coastal sustainability and the livelihoods of local communities. However, mangrove utilization has primarily been limited to domestic needs and small-scale economic activities, resulting in suboptimal management of ecological functions and sustainable use of mangrove resources, including community-based ecotourism. Community perceptions influenced by mystical beliefs, limited environmental literacy, low participation in planning and evaluation stages, and weak institutional support have become major constraints to sustainable mangrove ecosystem management. These conditions highlight the need for a comprehensive assessment that integrates community participation, ecosystem sustainability, and strategic management directions that are context-specific and responsive to local needs. This study aims to analyze the level and role of community participation in mangrove ecosystem management, assess the sustainability status of the mangrove ecosystem using ecological, biophysical, and spatial approaches, and formulate priority management strategies based on community participation. The research employed field observations, Likert-scale questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and analysis of Sentinel- 2A satellite imagery from 2016, 2021, and 2025. Ecosystem sustainability was evaluated using the Mangrove Ecosystem Sustainability Index (MESI), while management strategies were determined using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) to examine interrelationships among ecological, social, and institutional aspects. The results indicate that community perceptions of the mangrove ecosystem fall within the good category, while community participation is categorized as moderate to relatively high, particularly in implementation activities and economic utilization. The sustainability status of the mangrove ecosystem is classified as moderate, reflecting relatively stable ecological conditions that remain vulnerable to pressures from coastal activities and land-use change. ANP analysis identifies the institutional aspect as the most influential factor in mangrove ecosystem management, particularly in terms of inter- agency coordination, role clarity, and financial sustainability. Priority management strategies include strengthening community capacity and ecological awareness, establishing collaborative management institutions, implementing community-based mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation, and promoting educational and sustainable mangrove utilization. This study emphasizes that the success of mangrove ecosystem management in Amahai Village is strongly determined by structured community participation, robust institutional support, and consistent reinforcement of ecological functions. These findings provide a scientific basis for local governments and stakeholders to formulate adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable community-based mangrove ecosystem management policies and models.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/172179
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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