Analisis Keberlanjutan Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Berbasis Agroforestri di Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Hutan rakyat (HR) agroforestri berfungsi sebagai penopang utama ekonomi masyarakat sekaligus penyedia jasa ekosistem perlindungan hutan, sehingga perlu dikelola secara berkelanjutan. Di Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, hutan rakyat agroforestri penting bagi jasa ekosistem dan sumber pendapatan masyarakat, namun menghadapi tekanan berupa alih guna lahan, teknik budidaya yang belum berkembang, pemasaran tradisional yang dikuasai pedagang perantara dan pola kelola yang kurang menarik. Kondisi ini berpotensi mengancam keberlanjutan hutan rakyat agroforestri. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode, pertama yaitu analisis tutupan lahan multitemporal tahun 2015, 2020, dan 2024 menggunakan metode terbimbing (supervised), kedua analisis keberlanjutan MDS-Rapfish menggunakan lima dimensi yaitu ekologi, ekonomi, sosial-budaya, kelembagaan, serta aksesibilitas dan teknologi, dan ketiga menentukan arah rekomendasi kebijakan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan analisis tutupan lahan tahun 2015 sebesar 2.395,33 ha mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2020 sebesar 2.752,84 ha, kemudian menurun 2.014,12 ha pada tahun 2024, dengan penurunan total sebesar 16%. Penurunan tersebut akibat konversi hutan rakyat agroforestri ke pertanian intensif (pertanian lahan basah dan hortikultura), badan air, lahan terbuka, dan lahan terbangun. Jika kondisi tersebut dibiarkan maka akan mengancam keberlangsungan dimensi ekologi. Hasil analisis MDS-Rapfish menunjukkan nilai indeks kurang berkelanjutan, dengan total nilai 44,31. Hasil analisis leverage diperoleh tiga atribut yang paling sensitif yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan pengelolaan hutan rakyat agroforestri, yaitu intensitas penebangan (RMS = 7,28) pada dimensi ekologi, tingkat kecukupan pangan (RMS = 9,15) pada dimensi sosial-budaya, dan program penyuluhan pertanian dan kehutanan (RMS = 16,41) pada dimensi kelembagaan. Selanjutnya berdasarkan MDS, leverage, dan wawancara aktor kunci disusun arah implikasi kebijakan pengelolaan hutan rakyat agroforestri secara berkelanjutan, yaitu penguatan sinergi program penyuluhan pertanian dan kehutanan diperlukan agar program agroforestri dapat dimaksimalkan, bukan sekedar mendorong usaha jangka pendek. Peningkatan kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani melalui pengembangan sistem agroforestri yang lebih produktif dan bernilai ekonomi diharapkan dapat menekan kecenderungan konversi hutan rakyat ke tanaman hortikultura jangka pendek. Kata kunci: multitemporal, supervised, MDS-Rapfish, leverage, aktor kunci

Agroforestry based on private forests (CF) serve as a key economic backbone for local livelihoods while also providing forest protection ecosystem services therefore, they need to be managed sustainably. In Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, agroforestry private forests community contribute substantially to ecosystem services and household income, but they are increasingly challenged by land-use conversion, underdeveloped cultivation practices, traditional marketing systems dominated by intermediaries, and governance patterns that are less attractive for long-term management. These pressures may threaten the sustainability of agroforestry community forests. This study applied three approaches: (1) multitemporal land-cover analysis for 2015, 2020, and 2024 using supervised classification; (2) a sustainability assessment using the MDS–Rapfish method across five dimensions: ecological economic, socio-cultural, institutional, also accessibility and technology and (3) the formulation of policy directions using a descriptive approach. Land-cover analysis showed that agroforestry private community forest area was 2.395,33 ha in 2015, increased to 2.752,84 ha in 2020, and then decreased to 2.014,12 ha in 2024, representing a total decline of 16%. This reduction was mainly driven by conversion of agroforestry community forests to wetland agriculture and horticulture, water bodies, open land, and built-up areas. If this trend continues, it may undermine the ecological dimension of sustainability. The MDS-Rapfish results indicated an overall sustainability index of 44,31, categorized as less sustainable. Leverage analysis identified three most sensitive attributes influencing sustainability: logging intensity (RMS = 7,28) in the ecological dimension, level of food sufficiency (RMS = 9,15) in the socio-cultural dimension, and agricultural and forestry extension programs (RMS = 16,41) in the institutional dimension. Based on the MDS-Rapfish results, leverage analysis, and interviews with key actors, policy directions for sustainable agroforestry private community forest management were formulated. Strengthening synergy in agricultural and forestry extension programs is needed so that agroforestry initiatives can be optimized beyond short-term objectives. Improving farm household welfare through the development of more productive and higher-value agroforestry systems is also expected to reduce the tendency to convert community forests into short-term horticultural land uses.