Show simple item record

dc.contributor.advisorAchsani, Noer Azam
dc.contributor.advisorAndati, Trias
dc.contributor.advisorAsikin, Zenal
dc.contributor.authorFerli, Ossi
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-27T09:23:48Z
dc.date.available2025-12-27T09:23:48Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171862
dc.description.abstractPeningkatan perhatian global terhadap isu keberlanjutan mendorong pentingnya penggabungan informasi keuangan dan non-keuangan dalam menilai kinerja perusahaan. Di Indonesia, perkembangan pengungkapan Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) meningkat sebagai respon terhadap tuntutan stakeholder, komitmen pemerintah terhadap sustainability development goals, serta regulasi yang mulai mendorong transparansi melalui kebijakan pelaporan keberlanjutan. Namun, pengukuran ESG masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan data, standar pelaporan yang tidak seragam, sifat kualitatif yang sulit dibandingkan, serta tingginya subjektivitas dalam penentuan indikator dan bobot. Heterogenitas metode lembaga pemeringkat menyebabkan skor ESG sulit diaplikasikan secara konsisten untuk pasar modal Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengembangkan skor pengukuran kinerja ESG yang berbasis content analysis dari laporan tahunan perusahaan; (2) menganalisis pengaruh kinerja ESG terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan; dan (3) menguji dampaknya pada kinerja pasar yang diukur menggunakan return dan risiko saham. Penelitian menggunakan sampel 30 perusahaan publik Indonesia selama 2013–2023 yang masuk dalam daftar perusahaan berkelanjutan oleh Sustainalytics dan Bloomberg. Skor ESG diukur berdasarkan jumlah pengungkapan pada 11 indikator utama ESG yang merujuk pada standar Global Reporting Initiative. Model empiris menggunakan regresi data panel untuk menilai pengaruh skor ESG baik per dimensi, agregat, maupun bentuk non-linear (ESG Square) terhadap Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), return saham, dan total risiko saham; Pengaruh internet intention (GSV) terhadap return saham, dan total risiko saham; Serta mengontrol leverage, net sales, serta periode krisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, perusahaan di Indonesia telah meningkatkan pengungkapan ESG sepanjang periode penelitian, meskipun belum merata pada seluruh indikator. Temuan menunjukkan dimensi Environmental memiliki jumlah pengungkapan terbesar, diikuti Social dan Governance. Hal ini mencerminkan upaya perusahaan memberikan sinyal positif kepada publik terkait praktik keberlanjutannya, sekaligus menyesuaikan diri dengan ekspektasi stakeholder sesuai legitimacy dan signaling theory. ESG berdasarkan content analysis terlihat dapat dipertimbangkan karena memiliki korelasi cukup besar dengan skor ESG dari lembaga rating. Dampak ESG terhadap kinerja keuangan menunjukkan pengaruh negatif pada dimensi lingkungan dan tata kelola, sementara skor ESG gabungan serta ESG Square juga berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan pengungkapan ESG belum memberikan keuntungan jangka pendek terhadap profitabilitas, kemungkinan karena biaya implementasi keberlanjutan yang masih tinggi atau pengelolaan ESG yang belum efisien di Indonesia. Temuan non-linear menunjukkan bahwa ketika pengungkapan semakin besar, beban biaya dapat meningkat sehingga menekan profitabilitas, mencerminkan adanya kemungkinan diminishing return dari praktik ESG, hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh adanya masa transisi penerapan ESG di Indonesia yang tadinya sukarela menjadi wajib. Pada kinerja pasar, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ESG, termasuk skor agregat maupun bentuk kuadratnya, tidak berpengaruh terhadap return maupun risiko saham. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa investor di Indonesia belum sepenuhnya menggunakan informasi ESG sebagai dasar investasi. Pasar lebih sensitif terhadap informasi non-fundamental, sebagaimana tercermin dari temuan bahwa variabel internet intention (Google Search Volume) berpengaruh negatif terhadap return dan positif terhadap risiko. Semakin tinggi perhatian pasar melalui pencarian internet, semakin besar kecenderungan pesimis dan meningkatnya noise trading. Temuan baru penelitian ini meliputi (1) pengembangan skor ESG berbasis content analysis yang disesuaikan dengan konteks perusahaan di Indonesia selama satu dekade; (2) Bukti bahwa pengungkapan ESG di Indonesia cenderung meningkat, tetapi belum berdampak positif terhadap profitabilitas maupun reaksi pasar; (3) Pembuktian adanya efek non-linear yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pengungkapan ESG melewati titik tertentu dapat menjadi beban bagi perusahaan; (4) Bukti empiris bahwa pasar Indonesia masih lebih dipengaruhi oleh persepsi jangka pendek dan informasi non-fundamental dibandingkan kualitas pengungkapan keberlanjutan. Implikasi penelitian ini penting bagi pembuat kebijakan untuk memperkuat standardisasi pelaporan ESG guna meminimalkan risiko greenwashing dan meningkatkan relevansi ESG dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi. Bagi perusahaan, hasil penelitian menegaskan perlunya peningkatan kualitas dan konsistensi pengungkapan ESG agar dapat memberikan nilai tambah nyata, bukan sekadar pemenuhan regulasi. Bagi investor, temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa informasi ESG belum sepenuhnya diterjemahkan menjadi sinyal pasar sehingga perlu ada edukasi dan peningkatan literasi mengenai keberlanjutan dalam investasi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi bagi literatur ESG di negara berkembang dengan menyediakan skor yang diukur berdasarkan karakteristik lokal, serta memberikan pemahaman tentang bagaimana pengungkapan ESG baik secara kuantitatif maupun non-linear berpengaruh pada kinerja perusahaan. Meskipun terbatas pada sampel tertentu dan periode penelitian yang relatif awal, temuan ini dapat menjadi acuan untuk penelitian selanjutnya yang berfokus pada industri tertentu, periode lebih panjang, atau model analisis yang lebih kompleks.
dc.description.abstractThe growing global attention to sustainability has heightened the importance of integrating financial and non-financial information in evaluating corporate performance. In Indonesia, the development of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure has progressed in response to stakeholder demands, the government’s commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals, and regulatory initiatives that increasingly promote transparency through sustainability reporting requirements. However, ESG measurement continues to face challenges, including limited data availability, inconsistent reporting standards, the qualitative nature of disclosures that are difficult to compare, and high subjectivity in determining indicators and weighting schemes. The heterogeneity of methodologies across rating agencies further complicates the consistent application of ESG scores within the Indonesian capital market. This study aims to: (1) develop an ESG performance score using content analysis based on firms’ annual reports; (2) examine the effect of ESG performance on corporate financial performance; and (3) assess its impact on market performance, measured through stock returns and risk. The study employs a sample of 30 publicly listed Indonesian firms from 2013–2023 that are included in sustainability-related lists by Sustainalytics and Bloomberg. The ESG score is constructed based on disclosure counts across 11 key ESG indicators referring to the Global Reporting Initiative standards. The empirical model applies panel data regression to evaluate the effects of ESG scores—by dimension, aggregate, and non-linear form (ESG Square)—on Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), stock returns, and total stock risk; the effect of internet attention (Google Search Volume, GSV) on stock returns and total risk; and controls for leverage, net sales, and crisis periods. The findings show that, overall, Indonesian companies have increased their ESG disclosures throughout the study period, although the improvement is not uniform across indicators. The results indicate that the Environmental dimension exhibits the highest level of disclosure, followed by Social and Governance. This reflects firms’ efforts to signal their sustainability practices to the public while aligning with stakeholder expectations, consistent with legitimacy and signaling theory. ESG scores derived from content analysis appear viable, as they show substantial correlation with ESG ratings issued by established agencies. The impact of ESG on financial performance reveals negative effects for the Environmental and Governance dimensions, while both the combined ESG score and the ESG Square variable also demonstrate negative effects on profitability. These findings imply that enhanced ESG disclosure has not yet produced short-term profitability benefits, potentially due to the high costs of sustainability implementation or the inefficiency of ESG management practices in Indonesia. The non-linear results suggest that greater disclosure may increase cost burdens, ultimately reducing profitability, indicating the presence of diminishing returns to ESG practices. This may be linked to the transition from voluntary to mandatory ESG reporting in Indonesia. Regarding market performance, the study finds that ESG—whether aggregate scores or their squared form—does not significantly affect stock returns or risk. This indicates that Indonesian investors have not fully integrated ESG information into their investment decisions. Instead, the market appears more sensitive to non-fundamental information, as evidenced by the finding that internet attention (Google Search Volume) negatively affects returns and positively affects risk. Higher levels of online search activity correspond to greater pessimism and increased noise trading. The novel contributions of this study include: (1) the development of a decade-long ESG score based on content analysis tailored to the Indonesian corporate context; (2) evidence that ESG disclosure in Indonesia has increased but has not produced positive effects on profitability or market reactions; (3) empirical identification of a non-linear effect whereby excessive ESG disclosure may impose additional burdens on firms; and (4) evidence that the Indonesian market remains more influenced by short-term perceptions and non-fundamental information than by the quality of sustainability disclosures. The implications of this study are significant for policymakers, who are encouraged to strengthen ESG reporting standardization to minimize greenwashing risks and enhance the relevance of ESG in investment decision-making. For firms, the results underscore the need to improve the quality and consistency of ESG disclosures to generate real value rather than merely complying with regulations. For investors, the findings highlight that ESG information has not yet been fully translated into market signals, suggesting the need for greater education and literacy regarding sustainability-related investing. This study contributes to ESG literature in developing markets by providing a score constructed based on local characteristics and by offering insights into how both quantitative and non-linear aspects of ESG disclosure influence corporate performance. Despite limitations related to sample size and the relatively early period of analysis, the findings serve as a reference for future studies focusing on specific industries, longer observation periods, or more complex analytical models.
dc.description.sponsorshipYayasan Pengembangan Perbankan Indonesia (YPPI)
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleEnvironment Social Governance Serta Dampaknya terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dan Kinerja Saham Emiten di Indonesiaid
dc.title.alternativeEnvironmental Social Governance and Its Impact on the Financial and Stock Performance of Issuers in Indonesia
dc.typeDisertasi
dc.subject.keywordenvironmental social governanceid
dc.subject.keywordcontent analysisid
dc.subject.keywordinternet intentionid
dc.subject.keywordprofitabilityid
dc.subject.keywordrisk and returnid


Files in this item

Thumbnail
Thumbnail
Thumbnail

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record