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      Kajian Karakter Berbagai Aksesi Buah Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Lestari, Marchelina Dwi
      Susanto, Slamet
      Nindita, Anggi
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      Abstract
      Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) merupakan tanaman buah tropis introduksi dari Brasil. Penampilan buah abiu yang menarik, rasa yang manis, kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi dan kondisi agroklimat yang mirip membuat buah abiu memiliki prospek yang tinggi untuk dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Budidaya abiu di Indonesia masih terbatas karena kurangnya informasi tentang karakteristik buah abiu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman morfologi buah abiu untuk menilai hubungan fenotipik antar aksesi abiu di Kebun Balumbang Jaya, Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini mengelompokkan 19 aksesi pohon abiu menggunakan ketidaksamaan Gower dan pengelompokan hierarki Average linkage. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelompokan aksesi abiu berdasarkan variabel bentuk dan mutu buah memiliki koefisien variabilitas yang tinggi, yaitu 12,55% untuk padatan terlarut total (PTT) hingga 57,14% untuk total bobot buah per pohon. Deskriptor yang berkontribusi terhadap pengelompokan adalah yang berkaitan dengan ukuran dan potensi hasil buah. Hasil pengelompokan menunjukkan terdapat keragaman pada aksesi abiu di Kebun Balumbang Jaya. Aksesi terbaik memiliki nilai tinggi pada karakter bobot buah, total bobot buah per pohon, edible portion, dan PTT. Karakter terbaik tersebut dapat ditemukan pada klaster 1 dan 2 dengan aksesi pohon 1, 4, 6, 15, 16, dan 2 sebagai pohon representatif dari kedua klaster tersebut. Hasil ini dapat bermanfaat dalam program konservasi, peningkatan, dan pengembangan potensi abiu, dengan mempertimbangkan keunggulan masing-masing klaster sebagai kandidat aksesi terbaik berdasarkan kombinasi karakter morfologi, kualitas buah, dan preferensi konsumen. Kata kunci: Pouteria caimito, analisis klaster, average linkage, morfologi buah, edible portion.
       
      Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) is an introduced tropical fruit plant from Brazil. The attractive appearance of abiu fruit, sweet taste, high nutritional content and similar agroclimatic conditions make abiu fruit have high prospects for cultivation in Indonesia. Abiu cultivation in Indonesia is still limited due to the lack of information about the characteristics of abiu fruit. This study aims to analyze the morphological diversity of abiu fruit to assess the phenotypic relationship between abiu accessions in Balumbang Jaya Garden, West Bogor District, West Java. This study grouped 19 abiu tree accessions using Gower's dissimilarity and Average linkage hierarchical clustering. The results showed that grouping abiu accessions based on fruit shape and quality variables had a high coefficient of variability, namely 12.55% for total soluble solids (TSS) to 57.14% for total fruit weight per tree. Descriptors that contributed to the grouping were those related to fruit size and potential yield. The grouping results showed that there was diversity in abiu accessions in Balumbang Jaya Garden. The best accessions had high values for fruit weight, total fruit weight per tree, edible portion, and PTT. These best characters can be found in clusters 1 and 2 with tree accessions 1, 4, 6, 15, 16, and 2 as representative trees of both clusters. These results can be useful in conservation programs, improvement, and development of abiu potential, by considering the advantages of each cluster as the best candidate accession based on a combination of morphological characters, fruit quality, and consumer preferences. Keywords: Pouteria caimito, cluster analysis, average linkage, fruit morphology, edible portion.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171735
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7618]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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