Studi Keanekaragaman Hayati Tinggi Di Areal PT. Agro Abadi Cermelang Kabupaten Sanggau, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat (Study Of High Biodiversity In The Area Of PT. Agro Abadi Cemerlang, Sanggau District, West Kalimantan)

Abstract

Widespread and prolonged conversion of lowland forests into agricultural mosaics has substantially altered ecosystem structure and function across the Sanggau landscape in West Kalimantan. This study quantifies the biodiversity status and habitat condition within the proposed expansion area of PT Agro Abadi Cemerlang (PT AAC; ~3,347 ha) and its surrounding matrix, providing an empirical assessment of species richness, forest integrity, and conservation value. Land-cover analysis based on Sentinel-2A imagery (2025) reveals that only 0.9% of the concession and 7.9% of the broader landscape retain secondary forest, indicating severe fragmentation and reduced ecological connectivity. Field surveys recorded 159 vascular plant species (~1.6% of Borneo’s floral richness) and 27 terrestrial vertebrate species (~3.1% of the island’s non-fish fauna), dominated by disturbance-tolerant generalists. The scarcity of forest specialists and the absence of key taxa—including orangutans, clouded leopards, and other keystone or umbrella species—reflect a system that no longer provides the structural complexity, resource availability, or microhabitat heterogeneity typical of intact Bornean forests. Nevertheless, remnant forest patches host several conservation-relevant species, including taxa protected under Indonesian law, CITES Appendix II, and the IUCN Red List. Collectively, the results demonstrate that the PT AAC landscape contributes marginally to regional biodiversity due to extensive habitat degradation, long-term anthropogenic pressure, and insufficient habitat quality to sustain forest-dependent assemblages. These findings highlight the need for integrated landscape-level planning, targeted habitat restoration, and enhanced ecological corridors to improve resilience and safeguard remaining biodiversity within transformed production landscapes.