Perubahan Morfofisiologis Tanaman Hopea sangal pada Cekaman Genangan

Abstract

Hopea sangal merupakan salah satu jenis pohon dari famili Dipterocarpaceae yang saat ini sudah jarang ditemukan dan tergolong spesies yang rentan terhadap kepunahan. Pada tahun 2014 ditemukan kembali di daerah Pasuruan, Jawa Timur dekat dengan mata air. Analisis morfofisiologi tanaman khususnya pada H. sangal terhadap cekaman genangan masih belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan H. sangal pada cekaman genangan berdasarkan perubahan morfologi dan fisiologi. Perlakuan genangan dilakukan dengan pemberian artificial rainwater pada bibit H. sangal tanpa digenangi sebagai kontrol (G0), genangan dengan ketinggian air setara media tanam (G1), dan 5 cm di atas permukaan media tanam (G2) selama 10 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengamati morfologi tanaman meliputi pertumbuhan tinggi, daun, dan cabang; fisiologi tanaman meliputi aktivitas enzim katalase serta morfometrik akar meliputi panjang akar, luas permukaan akar, diameter akar, dan jumlah ujung akar bibit H. sangal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertambahan tinggi dan peningkatan daun gugur menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antar perlakuan (p<0,05). Panjang akar, luas permukaan akar, dan jumlah ujung akar menunjukkan penurunan pada genangan tertinggi. Pertambahan daun, pertambahan cabang, aktivitas enzim katalase, dan diameter akar tidak berbeda signifikan.

Hopea sangal is a Dipterocarpaceae family that is currently rarely found and is classified as a vulnerable species. In 2014, it was rediscovered in Pasuruan, East Java, near a spring. Analysis of plant morpho-physiology, especially on H. sangal against flooding stress, has not yet been done. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the ability of H. sangal to withstand flood stress based on morphologicaland physiological changes. Flood treatment was carried out by artificial rainwater to H. sangal seedlings without flooding as a control (G0), flooding with water level equivalent to planting media (G1), and 5 cm above the surface of the planting media (G2) for 10 days. Observations were made by observing plant morphology, including height growth, leaves, and branches; plant physiology including catalase enzyme activity, and root morphometrics, including root length, surface area, diameter, and number of root tips of H. sangal seedlings. The results showed that plant height and leaf number showed significant differences between treatments (p<0.05). Root length, root surface area, and number of root tips showed a decrease at the highest flooding level. Leaf growth, branch growth, catalase enzyme activity, and root diameter were not significantly different.