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      Ekspresi gen CD4 dan TLR4 pengatur imunitas pada ayam IPB-D3 pada sistem pemeliharaan yang berbeda

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Vianisa, Putri
      Sumantri, Cece
      Murtini, Sri
      Furqon, Ahmad
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      Abstract
      Ayam IPB-D3 merupakan hasil seleksi ayam lokal yang memiliki keunggulan genetik dalam pertumbuhan dan kualitas produksi, namun respons imunologisnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem pemeliharaan sehingga perbedaan lingkungan pemeliharaan, baik secara intensif maupun free range, berpotensi memberikan dampak berbeda terhadap mekanisme kekebalan tubuh, khususnya melalui parameter titer antibodi Newcastle Disease (ND), kadar imunoglobulin yolk (IgY), serta ekspresi gen pengatur imun CD4 dan Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama periode Januari 2024 hingga Januari 2025 dengan menggunakan 90 ekor ayam IPB-D3 generasi keempat yang dibagi ke dalam dua sistem pemeliharaan, yaitu 45 ekor pada sistem intensif dan 45 ekor pada sistem free range, dengan pengamatan yang mencakup uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI) untuk mengukur titer antibodi ND, metode ELISA untuk menentukan kadar IgY, RT-PCR untuk menganalisis ekspresi gen CD4 dan TLR4, serta flow cytometry untuk menghitung jumlah sel CD4, sementara data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji-t independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa titer antibodi ND pada kedua sistem relatif rendah dan tidak berbeda nyata karena ayam tidak divaksinasi, kadar IgY pada umur 4 minggu tidak menunjukkan perbedaan, namun pada umur 16 minggu kadar IgY pada ayam betina pemeliharaan intensif lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan free range, ekspresi gen CD4 cenderung lebih tinggi pada ayam free range sedangkan TLR4 lebih tinggi pada ayam intensif meskipun keduanya tidak signifikan secara statistik, serta analisis flow cytometry mengonfirmasi bahwa jumlah sel CD4 lebih banyak pada ayam free range yang memberikan indikasi adanya kecenderungan peningkatan respons imun adaptif. Secara statistik tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua sistem pemeliharaan, hasil biologis menunjukkan pola bahwa pemeliharaan free range lebih mendukung aktivasi respons imun adaptif melalui peningkatan CD4, sedangkan pemeliharaan intensif lebih menstimulasi respons imun bawaan melalui peningkatan TLR4, sehingga sistem pemeliharaan dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor penting dalam pengelolaan daya tahan tubuh ayam IPB-D3.
       
      IPB-D3 chickens are a selected line of Indonesian local chickens that possess superior genetic potential for growth and production traits; however, their immunological responses are strongly influenced by the rearing environment, so that differences between intensive and free range systems may result in varying impacts on immune mechanisms, particularly through Newcastle Disease (ND) antibody titers, yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) concentrations, and the expression of immune-regulatory genes CD4 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). This study was conducted from January 2024 to January 2025 using 90 IPB-D3 chickens of the fourth generation, divided equally into intensive and free range systems (45 birds each), with parameters measured through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for ND antibody titers, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgY concentrations, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for CD4 and TLR4 gene expression, and flow cytometry for CD4 cell counts, while data were analyzed using independent t-tests. The results demonstrated that ND antibody titers remained low and not significantly different between the two systems due to the absence of vaccination, IgY levels at 4 weeks showed no significant differences but at 16 weeks were significantly higher in intensively raised females, CD4 gene expression tended to be higher in free range chickens whereas TLR4 expression was higher in intensively reared ones although both were not statistically significant, and flow cytometry confirmed that the number of CD4 cells was greater in free range chickens, indicating a tendency toward enhanced adaptive immune responses. In conclusion, although no statistically significant differences were observed between the two rearing systems, the biological trends suggested that the free range system favored the activation of adaptive immunity through increased CD4 expression, while the intensive system tended to stimulate innate immunity through elevated TLR4 expression, highlighting the importance of rearing management as a determining factor in shaping the immune capacity of IPB-D3 chickens.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171442
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      • MT - Animal Science [1289]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository