VARIASI LANDMARK VENASI SAYAP LEBAH Apis cerana ASAL FLORES DAN SUMBA

Abstract

Apis cerana merupakan spesies lebah madu yang tersebar luas di wilayah Indonesia, termasuk Pulau Flores dan Sumba. A. cerana Pulau Flores dan Sumba terisolasi secara geografis sehingga mendorong terjadinya diferensiasi genetik yang tercermin pada variasi landmark venasi sayap. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis variasi landmark venasi sayap dan hubungan kekerabatan A. cerana Flores dan Sumba melalui pendekatan morfometrik geometris. 19 landmark venasi sayap dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Thin Plate Splin (TPS) dan analisis kekerabatan Neighbor-Joining menggunakan R Studio. Analisis grid deformasi menunjukkan A. cerana Flores memiliki variasi bentuk sayap yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan A. cerana Sumba dengan nilai kontribusi tertinggi pada landmark 11, 16 dan 17. Analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) menghasilkan pengelompokkan yang terpisah jelas. Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bentuk venasi sayap antarpopulasi. Analisis Neighbor-Joining menunjukkan hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat antarpopulasi ditandai dengan cabang klade yang pendek. Analisis centroid size menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan ukuran sayap yang signifikan antara A. cerana Flores dan Sumba. Kata Kunci: grid deformasi, landmark, Neighbor-Joining, Thin Plate Spline, venasi sayap

Apis cerana is a honeybee species widely distributed in Indonesia, including Flores and Sumba Islands. A. cerana on Flores and Sumba Islands are geographically isolated, thus encouraging genetic differentiation reflected in variations in wing venation landmarks. This study aims to analyze variations in wing venation landmarks and phylogenetic relationships between A. cerana Flores and Sumba through a geometric morphometric approach. 19 wing venation landmarks were analyzed using Thin Plate Splin (TPS) software and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic relationships analysis using R Studio. Grid deformation analysis showed that A. cerana on Flores had higher wing shape variation than A. cerana on Sumba with the highest contribution values at landmarks 11, 16, and 17. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis produced clearly separate groupings. This indicates differences in wing venation shape between populations. Neighbor Joining analysis showed close phylogenetic relationships between populations, characterized by short clade branches. Centroid size analysis showed no significant wing size differences between A. cerana on Flores and Sumba. Keywords: grid deformation, landmarks, Neighbor-joining, thin plate spline, wing venation