Pendugaan Hubungan Erosi terhadap Produktivitas Pertanian di DAS Musi

Abstract

Erosi tanah merupakan bentuk degradasi lahan yang berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas pertanian terutama di wilayah dengan aktivitas manusia yang tinggi seperti DAS Musi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan tingkat bahaya erosi dan mengkaji hubungannya dengan produktivitas tanaman pangan serta perkebunan pada periode 2013-2020. Estimasi laju erosi dilakukan menggunakan model Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) berbasis data spasial, mencakup parameter erosivitas curah hujan, erodibilitas tanah, kemiringan lereng, dan tutupan lahan. Hubungan antara erosi dan produktivitas dianalisis melalui uji regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar wilayah DAS Musi tergolong kategori bahaya erosi ringan dengan daerah pegunungan di bagian barat dan selatan cenderung berada pada kategori sedang hingga berat. Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin menunjukkan hubungan negatif signifikan antara erosi dan produktivitas tanaman pangan, sedangkan Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu menunjukkan hubungan negatif signifikan pada sektor perkebunan. Sebaliknya, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan menunjukkan hubungan positif yang tidak signifikan akibat variasi data yang tinggi. Pentingnya penerapan strategi konservasi tanah spesifik lokasi, khususnya pada wilayah dengan tingkat bahaya erosi sedang hingga berat guna mempertahankan produktivitas pertanian secara berkelanjutan.

Soil erosion was a form of land degradation that potentially reduced agricultural productivity, particularly in areas with high human activity such as the Musi Watershed (DAS Musi). This study aimed to analyze changes in erosion hazard levels and examine their relationship with the productivity of food crops and plantations during the 2013-2020 period. The estimation of erosion rates was conducted using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) model based on spatial data, which included rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope steepness, and land cover parameters. The relationship between erosion and productivity was analyzed using linear regression tests. The results showed that most areas of the Musi Watershed were classified as having a low erosion hazard level, while mountainous areas in the western and southern parts tended to fall into the moderate to severe categories. Musi Banyuasin Regency had a significant negative relationship between erosion and food crop productivity, while Ogan Komering Ulu Regency had a significant negative relationship in the plantation sector. Conversely, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan Regency showed a positive yet insignificant correlation as a result of high data variability. The results underscored the need for site-specific soil conservation strategies, especially in regions with moderate to severe erosion hazards, to maintain sustainable agricultural productivity.