Uji Kinerja Sistem Pengaturan lntensitas Cahaya LED Bernat Energi pada Pembibitan Bawang Merah dari Benih Botani di Lingkungan Terkendali

Abstract

Tingginya permintaan bawang merah mendorong inovasi pembibitan menggunakan benih botani (TSS) untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Namun, benih botani memiliki karakteristik sensitif terhadap parameter lingkungan. Salah satu upaya mengatasi sensitivitas pada pertumbuhan tanaman adalah dengan melakukan budi daya di lingkungan terkendali. Namun, pertanian lingkungan terkendali memiliki konsumsi energi yang besar khususnya pada komponen pencahayaan buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kinerja sistem pengaturan intensitas cahaya untuk mendukung pertumbuhan TSS di lingkungan terkendali dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaan energi pada pencahayaan buatan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan: sistem pengaturan intensitas cahaya LED hemat energi (ESBX), sistem LED statis komersial (SNSL), dan cahaya matahari (SUNL). Evaluasi uji kinerja mencakup pengukuran intensitas cahaya, distribusi cahaya, konsumsi energi, efisiensi sistem, energi spesifik per bibit, serta parameter pertumbuhan yang meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, nilai SPAD dan kandungan klorofil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ESBX mengonsumsi energi 7,78 kWh selama 30 hari dengan rata-rata intensitas tertinggi sebesar 165,503 ± 45,116 umol m² s¹. ESBX menghasilkan spektrum optimal namun memiliki intensitas yang lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan SNSL dan SUNL. SUNL menunjukkan pertumbuhan terendah akibat stres lingkungan meski memiliki klorofil total tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ESBX berpotensi diterapkan pada pembibitan TSS di lingkungan terkendali, namun memerlukan perbaikan sistem untuk meningkatkan intensitas PPFD cahaya yang dihasilkan.

The high demand for shallots has led to significant advancements in seedling cultivation techniques using botanical seeds, also known as tissue-cultured seedlings (TSS), to enhance productivity. However, it should be noted that botanical seeds exhibit sensitivity to environmental parameters. One approach to mitigate this sensitivity in plant growth is to cultivate them in a controlled environment. However, the practice of controlled environment agriculture is known to consume significant amounts of energy, particularly in the context of artificial lighting. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of a light intensity control system in promoting TSS growth in a controlled environment, with the aim of optimizing energy utilization in artificial lighting systems. The study was conducted with three treatments: an energy-efficient LED light intensity control system (ESBX), a commercial static LED system (SNSL), and sunlight (SUNL). The performance evaluation encompassed a comprehensive array of metrics, including light intensity, light distribution, energy consumption, system efficiency, specific energy per seedling, and critical growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, SPAD value and chlorophyll content. The results demonstrated that ESBX consumed an average of 7.78 kWh of energy over a 30-day period, with a maximum intensity of 165.503 ± 45.116 µmol m² s¹. ESBX produced an optimal spectrum; however, its intensity was lower compared to SNSL and SUNL. The growth of SUNL was the least significant among the samples, which is particularly noteworthy given its notably elevated total chlorophyll content. This outcome was likely influenced by the plant's exposure to environmental stressors. The findings of the study indicate that ESBX has the potential to be applied to TSS nurseries in controlled environments, but requires system improvements to increase the intensity of light PPFD.