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      Variasi Ukuran Morfologi Apis cerana asal Flores dan Sumba

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Lateefa, Aisha
      Juliandi, Berry
      Raffiudin, Rika
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      Abstract
      Apis cerana adalah salah satu lebah madu yang terdistribusi luas di benua perbedaan tersebut tidak cukup besar untuk memisahkan kedua populasi A. ceranaur. Pulau Flores dan Sumba terbentuk melalui proses geologis yang berbeda dan terpisah oleh hambatan geografis berupa laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi morfologi lebah madu A. cerana asal Pulau Flores dan Sumba. Analisis variasi morfologi dilakukan dengan mengukur 15 karakter morfologi dari empat koloni A. cerana asal Flores dan enam koloni asal Sumba menggunakan metode morfometrik tradisional. Data ukuran morfologi dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), dan Neighbor-Joining. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa 12 dari 15 karakter morfologi lebah A. cerana asal Flores berukuran lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan Sumba. Karakter panjang proboscis dan panjang sayap depan memiliki keragaman paling tinggi dan berkontribusi besar dalam membedakan karakter morfologi antar populasi. Analisis PCA memperlihatkan pola persebaran A. cerana asal Flores dan Sumba yang tidak sepenuhnya terpisah. Hal ini didukung oleh analisis kekerabatan Neighbor-Joining tidak membentuk pengelompokan yang jelas, mengindikasikan ukuran morfologi A. cerana Flores dan Sumba tidak jauh berbeda. Lebah A. cerana asal Flores dan Sumba memiliki perbedaan ukuran pada beberapa karakter morfologi. Namun, perbedaan tersebut tidak cukup besar untuk memisahkan kedua populasi A. cerana.
       
      Apis cerana is a widely distributed honey bee species found throughout Asia, particularly in Indonesia, including the islands of Flores and Sumba. These islands are formed through different geological processes and separated by geographical barrier such as the ocean, which may contribute to morphological variation among the bee populations. This study aims to analyze morphological variation and phylogenetic relationships of honey bee A. cerana from Flores and Sumba in East Nusa Tenggara. Morphological variation was assessed by measuring 15 morphological characters from four A. cerana colonies from Flores and six colonies from Sumba using standard morphometrics methods. The morphometric data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Neighbor-Joining methods. The results indicate that 12 out of 15 morphological characters of A. cerana from Flores were significantly larger than Sumba. Notably proboscis and forewing lengths were the most influential traits in differentiating the morphological characteristics between the two populations. PCA analysis revealed a distribution pattern that was not completely distinct which further supported by the Neighbor-Joining analysis that did not produce clearly defined clusters. A. cerana from Flores and Sumba display variations in several morphological traits. However, these differences are not enough to distinctly separate the two populations.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/171019
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