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      • UT - Faculty of Economics and Management
      • UT - Economics and Development Studies
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      Analisis Pengaruh Kebijakan Moneter terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Sepuluh Negara G20

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Himmah, Faiqotul
      Siregar, Hermanto
      Rachbini, Eisha Maghfiruha
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      Abstract
      Ketimpangan pendapatan menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam pembangunan ekonomi global, termasuk di negara G20. Indeks gini di negara G20 cukup tinggi. Di sisi lain, kebijakan moneter yang difokuskan pada stabilitas harga dan pertumbuhan, ternyata juga berdampak pada ketimpangan pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan moneter terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di negara G20, serta moderasi dari perkembangan sektor keuangan. Studi ini menggunakan data panel tahunan dari sepuluh negara anggota G20 selama periode 2007–2021 menggunakan model Heterogeneous Panel, Pool Mean Group (PMG). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moneter ekspansif melalui jumlah uang yang beredar dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan dalam jangka pendek dan panjang. Menariknya, ketika perkembangan sektor keuangan dimasukkan dalam model, variabel ini justru memperlemah perbaikan yang disebabkan suku bunga kebijakan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan; bahkan dapat membalikkan dampaknya menjadi memperlebar ketimpangan. Oleh karena itu, otoritas moneter perlu memperhatikan dampak kebijakan moneter terhadap agar tidak memperparah ketimpangan.
       
      Income inequality is one of the main challenges in global economic development, including in G20 countries. The Gini index in G20 countries is quite high. On the other hand, monetary policies focused on price stability and growth also have an impact on income inequality. This study aims to analyze the effect of monetary policy on income inequality in G20 countries, as well as the moderating effect of financial sector development. This study uses annual panel data from ten G20 member countries over the period 2007–2021 using the Heterogeneous Panel, Pool Mean Group (PMG) model. The analysis results show that expansionary monetary policy through the money supply can reduce income inequality in the short and long term. Interestingly, when financial sector development is included in the model, this variable weakens the improvement caused by policy interest rates on income inequality; it can even reverse the impact and widen inequality. Therefore, monetary authorities need to consider the impact of monetary policy to avoid exacerbating inequality.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170994
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      • UT - Economics and Development Studies [3209]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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