Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan dan Sebaran Spasial Usaha Komersial di Sekitar Kampus IPB Dramaga

Abstract

Peningkatan populasi mahasiswa di IPB Dramaga telah mendorong tingginya permintaan akomodasi, hiburan, dan layanan pendukung lainnya. Kondisi ini memicu konversi lahan menjadi lahan terbangun dan area usaha komersial di wilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan antara tahun 2017 dan 2025, mengidentifikasi perkembangan usaha komersial, menganalisis pola spasial distribusi usaha komersial, serta menganalisis sebaran rumah kos dan keterkaitannya dengan perkembangan usaha komersial di sekitar kampus IPB Dramaga. Tutupan lahan terbangun dan non-terbangun diidentifikasi pada dua titik tahun 2017 dan 2025 melalui klasifikasi citra Sentinel-2A menggunakan metode klasifikasi terbimbing Random Forest. Perkembangan usaha komersial dan sebaran rumah kos dianalisis berdasarkan data titik dari Google Earth, dikaji berdasarkan zona jarak dari kampus. Pola spasial distribusi usaha komersial dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Moran dan LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association). Analisis perubahan tutupan lahan menunjukkan peningkatan luas area pada lahan terbangun dan pertumbuhan usaha komersial dari 391 unit di tahun 2017 menjadi 534 unit di tahun 2025. Analisis LISA mengidentifikasi klaster High-High untuk luas, omzet, dan konsumen mahasiswa yang terkonsentrasi di area dekat kampus, menandakan pemusatan aktivitas ekonomi. Konsentrasi rumah kos tertinggi berada pada ring 1 (0 – 250 m) sebanyak 109 unit, secara spasial memiliki otokorelasi positif dan terkait erat dengan pertumbuhan usaha komersial di sekitarnya.

Increasing student population at IPB Dramaga has driven a high demand for accommodation, food, entertainment, and other supporting services. This condition triggered the conversion of land into built land and commercial business areas in the surrounding area. This study aims to analyze land cover changes between 2017 and 2025, identify the development of commercial businesses, analyze the spatial patterns of commercial business distribution, and the distribution of boarding houses, as well as its relationship with the development of commercial businesses around the IPB Dramaga campus. Built-up and non-built land cover were identified at two time points in 2017 and 2025 through Sentinel-2A image classification using the Random Forest supervised classification method. The development of commercial businesses and the distribution of boarding houses were evaluated based on point data from Google Earth and examined based on their distance from the campus. The spatial pattern of commercial business distribution was analyzed using the Moran Index and LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association). Land cover changes shows an increase in built-up land and the growth of commercial businesses from 391 units to 534 units in 2017-2025. LISA's analysis identified High-High clusters for area, turnover, and student consumers concentrated in areas near campus, signaling a concentration of economic activity. The densest boarding houses cluster is in ring 1 (0 – 250 m) with 109 units, which is positively autocorrelated and triggers the growth of commercial businesses in the vicinity.