Keanekaragaman Cendawan Endofit Asal Pohon Pingku (Dysoxylum parasiticum) di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC)

Abstract

Cendawan endofit merupakan jenis cendawan yang hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman sehat tanpa menimbulkan adanya gejala penyakit pada tanaman inang. Pohon pingku (Dysoxylum parasiticum) adalah spesies dari famili Meliaceae yang dilaporkan mengandung senyawa yang dapat bekerja sebagai antimalaria, antiinflamasi, antitumor, dan antimikrob. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman cendawan endofit pada pohon pingku di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC). Isolasi cendawan endofit dilakukan pada bagian daun, tangkai daun, dan kulit batang. Bagian tanaman tersebut disterilkan kemudian ditanam pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Eksplorasi cendawan endofit pada pohon pingku menghasilkan 702 isolat cendawan endofit dengan populasi tertinggi pada bagian daun (303 isolat) diikuti tangkai daun dan kulit (268 dan 131 isolat). Diagram frekuensi populasi cendawan endofit pada pohon pingku berbentuk “long tail” dengan model distribusi mengikuti model distribusi log normal. Cendawan endofit dengan kelimpahan yang tinggi yaitu hifa steril hijau, Colletotrichum sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Lasiodiplodia sp., Fusarium sp., Drechslera sp., hifa steril putih, dan Trichoderma sp.

Endophytic fungi live within healthy plant tissues without causing any disease symptoms of the host plant. Pingku trees (Dysoxylum parasiticum) are a species of the Meliaceae family reported to contain compounds that can act as antimalarials, antiinflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobials. This study aimed to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi in pingku trees from Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai which remains unexplored yet. Isolation of endophytic fungi was carried out on leaves, leaf stalks, and stem bark then cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Exploration of endophytic fungi in pingku trees resulted in 702 endophytic fungal isolates, with the highest population in the leaves (303 isolates), followed by leaf stalks and bark with 268 and 131 isolates, respectively. The abundance distribution pattern of endophytic fungi in pingku trees was “long tail” shaped with a distribution model following the log normal distribution model. Endophytic fungi with high abundance are dominated by green sterile hyphae, and followed by Colletotrichum sp. 1, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Lasiodiplodia sp., Fusarium sp., Drechslera sp., white sterile hyphae, and Trichoderma sp.