Pengaruh Penambahan Mikroorganisme Lokal Nasi Serasah Daun Bambu dan EM-4 terhadap Kualitas Kompos Feses Sapi Pedaging

Abstract

Limbah feses sapi pedaging merupakan sumber pencemar organik yang memerlukan pengelolaan tepat untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Pengomposan merupakan metode ramah lingkungan yang efektif, namun prosesnya relatif lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) berbasis nasi basi serasah daun bambu, Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4), dan kombinasinya terhadap waktu pengomposan dan mutu kompos feses sapi pedaging. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 21 hari dengan empat perlakuan: kontrol (P0), MOL (P1), EM-4 (P2), dan kombinasi MOL-EM-4 (P3). Parameter yang diamati meliputi pH, suhu, warna kompos, serta kandungan unsur hara nitrogen (N), fosfor (P), kalium (K), karbon organik, dan rasio karbon-nitrogen (C/N). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa P3 secara signifikan mempercepat proses dekomposisi dibanding kontrol, menghasilkan kompos berwarna kehitaman dengan pH akhir 7,46 dan suhu rata-rata 30,1°C. Perlakuan P2 memberikan kandungan nitrogen tertinggi (0,80%) dan rasio C/N terbaik (26,00), meski belum memenuhi standar nasional kompos. Penambahan kombinasi mikroorganisme tersebut efektif meningkatkan kualitas fisik dan kimia kompos serta mempercepat pengomposan, dengan potensi aplikasi pada skala peternakan untuk pengelolaan limbah yang efisien, ekonomis, dan berkelanjutan.

Beef cattle manure is a source of organic pollution that requires proper management to minimize negative environmental impacts. Composting is an environmentally friendly and effective method, but the process is relatively long. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding local microorganisms (MOL) derived from fermented rice and bamboo leaf litter, Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4), and their combination on the composting time and quality of beef cattle manure compost. The study was conducted over 21 days with four treatments: control (P0), MOL (P1), EM-4 (P2), and MOL-EM-4 combination (P3). Parameters observed included pH, temperature, compost color, nutrient content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic carbon, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N). Results showed that P3 significantly accelerated the decomposition process compared to the control, producing dark-colored mature compost with a final pH of 7.46 and an average temperature of 30.1°C. The P2 yielded the highest nitrogen content (0.80%) and the best C/N ratio (26.00), although still not meeting national compost standards. The addition of these biological activators effectively improved the physicochemical quality and accelerated the composting of cattle manure, presenting potential applications for efficient, economical, and sustainable manure management at the farm scale.