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      Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroorganisme Tanah yang Berpotensi sebagai Agen Pendegradasi Plastik

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Qonita, Hasna
      Rachmania, Nisa
      Manaf, Lisdar A.
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      Abstract
      Plastik merupakan polimer kompleks yang sulit terurai sehingga mengakibatkan permasalahan lingkungan. Salah satu upaya mengatasi permasalahan ini antara lain proses biodegradasi oleh mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi mikroorganisme asal tanah yang berpotensi mendegradasi plastik jenis High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), dan oxium. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan media Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) dengan penambahan Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 2%. Isolat non-hemolitik diamati morfologinya secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, kemudian diuji kemampuannya mendegradasi plastik berdasarkan persentase kehilangan bobot kering plastik selama 15 dan 30 hari inkubasi. Penelitian ini berhasil mengisolasi 32 bakteri dan 4 cendawan, dengan 9 isolat non-hemolitik (7 bakteri dan 2 cendawan) dikarakterisasi lebih lanjut. Plastik HDPE menunjukkan degradasi tertinggi oleh isolat bakteri Ctr 2 (20,98%) pada media padat, serta oleh isolat cendawan Fusarium sp. galur CyD 3 (14,48%) pada media cair. Pada LDPE, isolat bakteri CpyDp 16 menunjukkan degradasi tertinggi sebesar 17,48% pada media padat, diikuti oleh isolat bakteri Ctr 7 sebesar 16,72% pada media padat. Sementara itu, pada plastik oxium, degradasi tertinggi diperoleh dari isolat cendawan Fusarium sp. galur CyD 3 sebesar 1,62% pada media cair, disusul oleh isolat bakteri CpyDp 10 sebesar 1,46% pada media padat. Hasil ini menunjukkan potensi mikroorganisme tanah dalam mendegradasi plastik.
       
      Plastic is a complex polymer that is difficult to decompose naturally, causing environmental problems. One solution is biodegradation by microorganisms. This study aims to isolate and characterize soil microorganisms with potential to degrade High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), and oxium plastics. Isolation was performed using Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) supplemented with 2% Polyethylene Glycol (PEG). Non-hemolytic isolates were observed macroscopically and microscopically, then tested for their ability to degrade plastic based on percentage of dry weight loss during 15 and 30 days of incubation. This study successfully isolated 32 bacteria and 4 fungi, with 9 non hemolytic isolates (7 bacteria and 2 fungi) characterized further. HDPE showed the highest degradation by bacterial isolate Ctr 2 (20.98%) in solid media, and by fungal isolate Fusarium sp. strain CyD 3 (14.48%) in liquid media. On LDPE, bacterial isolate CpyDp 16 showed the highest degradation of 17.48% and bacterial isolate Ctr 7 at 16.72%, both in solid media. Meanwhile, in oxium plastic, the highest degradation was obtained from Fusarium sp. strain CyD 3 fungal isolate at 1.62% in liquid media, followed by CpyDp 10 bacterial isolate at 1.46% in solid media. These results indicate potential of soil microorganisms in degrading plastic.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170488
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      • UT - Biology [2396]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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