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      Pengaruh Pemberian Berbagai Dosis Pupuk N, P, dan K terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Galur dan Varietas Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      SANTOSA, IMAN TEGUH
      Purwoko, Bambang Sapta
      Lubis, Iskandar
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      Abstract
      Produktivitas padi sawah di Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan nasional, sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan agronomis yang tepat guna meningkatkan hasil panen. Salah satu upaya strategis yang dapat dilakukan adalah optimalisasi pemupukan N, P, dan K pada genotipe padi unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk N, P, dan K terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tiga genotipe padi sawah, yaitu varietas IPB 11S Bepe, galur M9, dan galur M7. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru IPB menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan dua faktor, yaitu dosis pupuk N, P, dan K (25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% dari dosis rekomendasi) sebagai petak utama dan genotipe sebagai anak petak, dengan tiga ulangan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi karakter vegetatif (tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan), karakter generatif (tinggi tanaman generatif, jumlah anakan produktif, indeks kehijauan daun, sudut daun bendera, panjang malai, kerapatan malai, dan umur panen), serta komponen hasil dan hasil (jumlah gabah total, jumlah gabah bernas, jumlah gabah hampa, persentase gabah bernas, bobot 1000 butir, bobot petak bersih, dan produktivitas ton GKG/ha). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dosis pupuk N, P, dan K dan genotipe padi memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap sebagian besar peubah pertumbuhan dan hasil. Dosis 100% N, P, dan K dan genotipe IPB 11S Bepe memberikan respons agronomis terbaik. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kombinasi antara dosis pupuk yang tepat dan genotipe unggul mampu meningkatkan produktivitas padi secara signifikan.
       
      Rice productivity in Indonesia continues to face challenges in meeting national food demands, thus requiring effective agronomic approaches to boost yields. One strategic effort is the optimization of N, P, and K fertilizer application on superior rice genotypes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying various dosages of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the growth and productivity of three rice genotypes: Variety IPB 11S Bepe, line M9, and line M7. The research was conducted at the Sawah Baru Experimental Field, IPB, using a split-plot design with two factors: N, P, and K fertilizer dosage (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended dosage) as main plots and genotypes as subplots, with three replications. Observed variables included vegetative traits (plant height, number of tillers), generative traits (plant height at the generative phase, number of productive tillers, leaf greenness index, flag leaf angle, panicle length, spikelet density, and harvest time), yield components and yield (total number of grains, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, percentage of filled grains, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per net plot, and productivity in tons of milled dry grain per hectare). Results showed that both N, P, and K dosage and genotypes significantly influenced most growth and yield variables. The full recommended dosage (100%) and the IPB 11S Bepe genotype consistently produced the best agronomic performance. This study concludes that the combination of an optimal fertilizer dosage with a superior genotype can significantly enhance rice productivity.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170487
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      • UT - Agronomy and Horticulture [7617]

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