Keragaman Karakter Agronomi, Biomassa, dan Brix Nira pada Galur-Galur Sorghum bicolor L. M Persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2

Abstract

Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai tanaman pangan, pakan, dan juga bahan bakar alternatif di Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, tanaman ini masih belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Tanaman sorgum varietas Numbu dan Samurai 2 memiliki kandungan gula dan biomassa yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak dan bahan baku bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman karakter agronomi, produksi biomassa, kandungan brix nira, volume nira, dan biji tanaman sorgum dari 19 galur harapan sorgum persilangan varietas Numbu dan Samurai 2. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli–Desember 2023 di Kebun Badan Standardisasi Instrumen Pertanian (BSIP) Biogen Cimanggu, Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Wing 7 Level 5, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB University. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rangkaian kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal yaitu genotipe. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa galur-galur harapan sorgum hasil pemuliaan IPB memiliki keragaman pada karakter kuantitatif seperti tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot batang basah, bobot brangkasan basah, bobot brangkasan kering, kadar gula nira batang, dan volume nira. Terdapat 6 galur persilangan Numbu × Samurai 2 yang memiliki nilai kadar gula dan volume nira lebih tinggi dibandingkan varietas Numbu dan Samurai 2 dengan nilai kadar gula di atas 20,33% brix dan volume nira di atas 766,7 ml.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the food crops that has the potential to be developed as a food crop, feed, and also an alternative fuel in Indonesia. However, this plant is still not widely known by the public. Sorghum varieties Numbu and Samurai 2 have sugar and biomass content that has the potential to be used as animal feed and raw materials for bioethanol. This study aims to determine the variability of agronomic characters, biomass production, brix content of sap, sap volume, and sorghum plant seeds from 19 promising sorghum lines crossed with Numbu and Samurai 2 varieties. This research was conducted in July-December 2023 at the Biogen Cimanggu Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency (BSIP) Garden, West Bogor District, Bogor City and the Wing 7 Level 5 Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The experimental design used was a series of randomized complete groups (RKLT) with a single factor, namely genotype. The results of this study indicate that the promising sorghum lines from IPB breeding have variability in quantitative characters such as plant height, stem diameter, wet stem weight, wet stover weight, dry stover weight, sugar content of the stem sap, and volume of sap. There are 6 Numbu × Samurai 2 cross lines that have higher sugar content and sap volume values than the Numbu and Samurai 2 varieties with sugar content values above 20,33% brix and sap volume above 766,7 m.