Identifikasi Keragaman SNP g.8178 A>C Gen Kasein Ekson 7 pada Sapi FH Menggunakan Teknik Sequencing

Abstract

Komponen utama penyusun protein susu adalah kasein sehingga kasein berhubungan dengan komposisi susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keragaman SNP g.8178 A>C pada ekson 7 gen kasein sapi FH serta menganalisis hubungannya terhadap kualitas susu. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 21 DNA sapi FH dari BBPTU HPT Baturraden. Amplifikasi dilakukan dengan PCR dan dianalisis dengan teknik sequencing. Analisis keragaman meliputi frekuensi genotipe, frekuensi alel, heterozigositas, dan uji keseimbangan HardyWeinberg. Selain itu, data kadar laktosa, protein, dan lemak susu dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan masing-masing genotipe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tiga genotipe pada SNP g.8178 A>C, yaitu AA, AC, dan CC dengan genotipe AA paling dominan. Lokasi SNP bersifat polimorfik, tetapi tidak dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya seleksi, genetic drift, dan inbreeding. Tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara genotipe berbeda dengan kualitas susu (p>0,05). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SNP g.8178 A>C beragam namun tidak dapat dijadikan penanda genetik terhadap kualitas susu.

The main protein component of milk is casein therefore casein is associated with milk composition. This study aimed to identify and analyze the diversity of SNP g.8178 A>C in exon 7 of the casein gene in FH cattle and to analyze its association with milk quality. A total of 21 DNA samples from FH cattle at BBPTU HPT Baturraden were used. Amplification was performed using PCR and analyzed by sequencing techniques. Diversity analysis included genotype and allele frequencies, heterozygosity, and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. In addition, milk components such as lactose, protein and fat were analyzed using the ANOVA test to determine their association with each genotype. The results revealed three genotypes at SNP g.8178 A>C, namely AA, AC, and CC, with AA being the most dominant. The SNP site was polymorphic, but not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, indicating the occurrence of selection, genetic drift, and inbreeding. There were no significant differences between genotypes in terms of milk quality (p>0,05). These findings suggest that while SNP g.8178 A>C is diverse, it cannot be used as a genetic marker for milk quality.