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      Diskolorasi Kayu Jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) Akibat Proses Pengeringan dan Ekstraksi Metanol-Air

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Samudera, Ridho Barat
      Nawawi, Deded Sarip
      Prayogo, Yanico Hadi
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      Abstract
      Diskolorasi pada kayu jabon selama proses pengeringan menjadi masalah dalam industri kayu, karena menurunkan kualitas produk akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pelarut ekstraksi (air, metanol-air 1:1, dan metanol) terhadap diskolorasi dan karakteristik senyawa ekstraktif pada kayu jabon. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi, dilanjutkan dengan pengeringan pada suhu 60, 70, dan 80 °C. Perubahan warna kayu diukur dengan metode CIELab, dan identifikasi senyawa dilakukan dengan pyrolisis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Perubahan warna terendah pada kayu setelah proses ekstraksi diperoleh pada perlakuan dengan pelarut metanol-air 1:1, diikuti metanol, dan air. Pengeringan pada suhu 60 °C menghasilkan perubahan warna paling kecil dibandingkan dengan 70 dan 80 °C. Perlakuan metanol-air 1:1 dengan suhu pengeringan 60 °C menghasilkan nilai ΔE kayu terendah (0,84), sedangkan nilai tertinggi (5,64) diperoleh pada kayu tanpa ekstraksi dengan suhu 80 °C. Kelompok senyawa fenolik tertinggi diperoleh dari ekstrak metanol-air 1:1 sebesar 41,16%, diikuti air 25,31% dan metanol 22,14%. Senyawa fenolik diduga sebagai penyebab utama diskolorasi kayu jabon, sehingga kombinasi metanol-air 1:1 dan suhu 60 °C merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk menekan perubahan warna pada kayu jabon.
       
      Discoloration in jabon wood during the drying process becomes a problem in the wood industry because it reduces the quality of the final product. This study aims to examine the effect of extraction solvents (water, methanol-water 1:1, and methanol) on discoloration and the characteristics of extractive compounds in jabon wood. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method, followed by drying at temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 °C. Color change was measured using the CIELab method, and compound identification was carried out using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The lowest color change of the wood after extraction was observed with methanol–water 1:1, followed by methanol and water. Drying at 60 °C resulted in the smallest color change compared to 70 and 80 °C. The combination of methanol-water 1:1 at 60 °C produced the lowest ΔE value (0.84), while the highest value (5.64) was obtained in the sample without extraction at 80 °C. The highest group of phenolic compounds was obtained from the methanol-water 1:1 extract at 41.16%, followed by water 25.31% and methanol 22.14%. Phenolic compounds are suspected to be the main cause of jabon wood discoloration, so the combination of methanol-water 1:1 and 60 °C drying temperature is the best treatment to reduce color change in jabon wood.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170119
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      • UT - Forestry Products [2461]

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