Identifikasi Penyakit dan Gangguan Kesehatan Karang di Pulau Gorom, Grogos, dan Koon Provinsi Maluku

Abstract

CEILA SITANA SAFARINA. Identifikasi Penyakit dan Gangguan Kesehatan Karang di Pulau Gorom, Grogos, dan Koon Provinsi Maluku. Dibimbing oleh ADRIANI dan NADYA CAKASANA. Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang dibangun oleh hewan karang berperan menyediakan habitat bagi ribuan spesies dan berbagai jasa ekosistem, tetapi rentan terhadap tekanan lingkungan yang dapat menurunkan kondisi kesehatannya. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji kondisi terumbu karang dan mengindentifikasi penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang (P/Gkarang) di Pulau Gorom, Grogos, dan Koon. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 September – 7 Oktober 2023 di sembilan stasiun menggunakan metode Point Intercept Transect (50 meter) dan Belt Transect (40 meter persegi) sebanyak tiga ulangan. Tutupan karang secara umum mengindikasikan kondisi terumbu karang sedang - sangat baik (47.67% - 89.67%). Substrat dasar terumbu karang terdiri atas 8 bentuk pertumbuhan dari 59 genera karang. Sebanyak 14 tipe (P/Gkarang) ditemukan menjangkit 41 genera karang. Porites merupakan jenis karang batu dengan prevalensi (P/Gkarang) tinggi dan memiliki asosiasi kuat terhadap lima jenis penyakit (atramentous necrosis, skeletal eroding band, ulcerative white spots, non-focal bleaching, dan focal bleaching) dan empat tipe gangguan (pigmentation response, predation, invertebrate galls, dan sediment damage) yang membahayakan kesehatannya. Kelimpahan penyakit dan gangguan kesehatan karang di ketiga pulau di Maluku tergolong rendah dan mencerminkan ekosistem terumbu karang yang sehat. Kata kunci: gangguan kesehatan, genus karang, komposisi substrat, penyakit.

CEILA SITANA SAFARINA. Identification of Coral Diseases and Compromised Health of Gorom, Grogos, and Koon Island Maluku Province. Supervised by ADRIANI and NADYA CAKASANA. Coral reefs are ecosystem built by hard corals that provide habitat for thousands of species and various ecosystem services, yet they are highly vulnerable to environmental stressors that can degrade their health condition. This study aims to assess coral reef ecosystem condition also to identify type of diseases and compromised health (D/Ccoral) affecting hard coral community in Gorom, Grogos, and Koon Islands. The research was conducted from September 30th – October 7th 2023 at nine stations using point intercept transect method (50 meters) and belt transect (40 square meters) with three replications. The coral cover indicates moderate – very good reef ecosystem condition (47.67%-89.67%). Coral reef substrates were comprised 8 growth forms from 59 coral genera. There were 14 types of (D/Ccoral) found affecting 41 coral genera. Porites was the dominant hard coral genus with high (D/Ccoral) prevalence, by showed strong associations with five disease types (atramentous necrosis, skeletal eroding band, ulcerative white spot, non-focal bleaching, and focal bleaching) and four compromised health types (pigmentation response, predation, invertebrate galls, and sediment damage) that pose threats to its health. The overall abundance of (D/Ccoral) in three islands in Maluku was considered low, reflecting healthy coral reef ecosystem. Keywords: compromised health, coral genus, diseases, substrate composition.