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      Perbaikan Proses Pengolahan Serat Batang Pisang untuk Tekstil pada IKM Al Fiber

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Ramadhan, Putra Muhammad Risky
      Purnawati, Rini
      Yani, Moh.
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      Abstract
      Al Fiber memiliki tantangan dalam menjalankan produksi serat batang semu pisang, seperti harga bahan baku tidak tetap, produk defect, dan tidak mempunyai baku mutu produk. Proyek ini bertujuan memperbaiki proses pengolahan serat, pengujian mutu serat, dan penetapan neraca massa pengolahan serat batang semu pisang. Penetapan neraca massa dilakukan pada saat proses dekortikasi dengan menghitung aliran massa masuk dan keluar bahan. Perbaikan proses pengolahan serat batang semu pisang dilakukan dengan menambah tahapan setelah dekortikasi seperti degumming 1:20 (b/v) menggunakan larutan NaOH 15% dengan suhu 90°C selama 1 jam, penetralan kelebihan alkali 1:20 (b/v) dengan larutan asam asetat 2ml/L selama 15 menit, bleaching 1:20 (b/v) menggunakan larutan H2O2 50% 20ml/L dengan suhu 90°C selama 1 jam. Hasil perhitungan neraca massa proses dekortikasi yaitu satu pohon pisang dengan bobot 58kg dapat menghasilkan 250g serat kering batang semu pisang. Mutu serat batang semu pisang setelah perbaikan proses yaitu kuat tarik 842,29 MPa, kehalusan 6,86 tex, kadar air 10,45%, indeks putih 27,81
       
      Al Fiber faces challenges in its banana pseudo-stem fiber production, including unstable raw material prices, product defects, and the lack of a formal product quality standard. This project aims to improve the fiber processing method, evaluate fiber quality, and establish a mass balance for the production process. The mass balance was determined during decortication by calculating the material mass inflow and outflow. The processing method was improved by adding several post-decortication stages: degumming at a 1:20 (w/v) ratio with a 15% NaOH solution at 90°C for 1 hour; neutralization of excess alkali at a 1:20 (w/v) ratio using a 2ml/L acetic acid solution for 15 minutes; and bleaching at a 1:20 (w/v) ratio with a 50% H2O2 solution (20ml/L) at 90°C for 1 hour. The mass balance calculation revealed that a single 58kg banana tree yields 250g of dry pseudo-stem fiber. After the process improvements, the fiber quality was characterized by a tensile strength of 842.29 MPa, fineness of 6.86 tex, moisture content of 10.45%, and a whiteness index of 27.81
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169992
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      • UT - Agroindustrial Technology [4352]

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